JUnit5에서 @Autowired사용 이유

Question

학습하는 분들께 도움이 되고, 더 좋은 답변을 드릴 수 있도록 질문전에 다음을 꼭 확인해주세요.

1. 강의 내용과 관련된 질문을 남겨주세요.
2. 인프런의 질문 게시판과 자주 하는 질문(링크)을 먼저 확인해주세요.
(자주 하는 질문 링크: https://bit.ly/3fX6ygx)
3. 질문 잘하기 메뉴얼(링크)을 먼저 읽어주세요.
(질문 잘하기 메뉴얼 링크: https://bit.ly/2UfeqCG)

질문 시에는 위 내용은 삭제하고 다음 내용을 남겨주세요.
=========================================
[질문 템플릿]
1. 강의 내용과 관련된 질문인가요? (예/아니오)
2. 인프런의 질문 게시판과 자주 하는 질문에 없는 내용인가요? (예/아니오)
3. 질문 잘하기 메뉴얼을 읽어보셨나요? (예/아니오)

[질문 내용]
안녕하세요. 회원도메인 개발 섹션의 회원 기능 테스트 강의를 듣다가 궁금한 점이 생겨서 질문을 남깁니다.

테스트를 할 때 MemberService와 MemberRepository를 사용하기 위해 @Autowired를 이용해 진행하셔서 제가 별도로 AnnotationConfigApplicationContext를 사용해 테스트 코드를 수정해봤더니 첨부한 사진과 같이 테스트에 실패하였습니다.

어쨌든 MemberService와 MemberRepository모두 스프링 컨테이너에 등록됐고, 의존성 주입도 완료됐기 때문에 테스트가 통과될 줄 알았는데, 어느 부분에서 제가 잘못 이해하고 있는 것인지 구글링을 해봐도 명확한 답을 찾지 못해 질문 남깁니다.

제가 야생형 코스를 따라가려고 아직 JPA첫 번째 강의는 보지 못한 상태입니다.

아래는 제가 수정한 코드입니다. AutoAppConfig 클래스를 생성해 @ComponentScan애노테이션도 붙인 상태로 진행했습니다.

// MemberServiceTest

package japbook.jpashop.service;

import japbook.jpashop.AutoAppConfig;
import japbook.jpashop.domain.Member;
import japbook.jpashop.repository.MemberRepository;
import org.assertj.core.api.Assertions;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;


@SpringBootTest
@Transactional
class MemberServiceTest {

//    @Autowired
//    MemberService memberService;
//
//    @Autowired
//    MemberRepository memberRepository;

    AnnotationConfigApplicationContext ac = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(AutoAppConfig.class);

    MemberService memberService = ac.getBean(MemberService.class);
    MemberRepository memberRepository = ac.getBean(MemberRepository.class);

    @Test
    public void 회원가입() {
//        MemberService bean = ac.getBean(MemberService.class);
//        System.out.println("bean = " + bean);
        Member member = new Member();
        member.setName("Cha1");

        Long savedMember = memberService.join(member);

        Assertions.assertThat(member).isEqualTo(memberRepository.findOne(savedMember));
        
    }

    @Test
    public void 중복회원예외() {

    }


}

// AutoAppConfig

package japbook.jpashop;


import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;

@ComponentScan
public class AutoAppConfig {
}

Answer

컨테이너가 2개 생성될 줄은 생각 못했는데, 답변 감사합니다!!

Answer

안녕하세요. 개발취준생님

이렇게 실행하게 되면 스프링 컨테이너가 총 2개 생성됩니다.

하나는 @SpringBootTest를 통해서 테스트를 수행하면서 스프링 부트가 생성하는 컨테이너가 생성되고,

또 하나는 직접 생성한 스프링 컨테이너입니다.

여기서 테스트에서 수행한 @Transactional를 통해서 트랜잭션이 먼저 수행되고, 그 트랜잭션이 모든 테스트 전체에 영향을 주어야 하는데요.

지금처럼 스프링 컨테이너가 다르면 트랜잭션이 서로 다르게 동작하게 됩니다.

그래서 결과도 기대한 값과 다르게 나오게 됩니다.

감사합니다.

Answer

드라이브 링크입니다.

https://drive.google.com/file/d/1yZm0825uOExt2y540G6kuO3HNJtjuB1Z/view?usp=sharing

실행 방법은

21~25줄의 코드를 이용해 test디렉토리의 service/MemberServiceTest의 회원가입 단위테스트를 실행하면 테스트가 정상적으로 실행되고, 21~25를 주석처리 하고 27~29줄을 이용해 테스트를 실행하면 테스트에 실패합니다.

궁금한 점

spring강의를 들을 때 AnnotationConfigApplicationContext를 이용해 bean을 가져와 테스트를 진행하셔서 제가 임의로 @Autowired가 아닌 AnnotationConfigApplicationContext를 이용해 bean을 가져와 진행해봤는데 테스트에 실패했습니다.

AnnotationConfigApplicationContext와 @Autowired의 차이점을 구글링해 찾아봤지만 잘 이해가 가지않아 질문 남깁니다.

아래는 회원가입 테스트 실패 디버깅 코드 전체입니다.

2022-08-07 17:30:06.419 INFO 4131 --- [ main] o.s.t.c.transaction.TransactionContext : Began transaction (1) for test context [DefaultTestContext@5f7b97da testClass = MemberServiceTest, testInstance = japbook.jpashop.service.MemberServiceTest@48463900, testMethod = 회원가입@MemberServiceTest, testException = [null], mergedContextConfiguration = [WebMergedContextConfiguration@18b0930f testClass = MemberServiceTest, locations = '{}', classes = '{class japbook.jpashop.JpashopApplication}', contextInitializerClasses = '[]', activeProfiles = '{}', propertySourceLocations = '{}', propertySourceProperties = '{org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper=true}', contextCustomizers = set[org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.actuate.metrics.MetricsExportContextCustomizerFactory$DisableMetricExportContextCustomizer@5852c06f, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.properties.PropertyMappingContextCustomizer@0, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebDriverContextCustomizerFactory$Customizer@1169afe1, org.springframework.boot.test.context.filter.ExcludeFilterContextCustomizer@13df2a8c, org.springframework.boot.test.json.DuplicateJsonObjectContextCustomizerFactory$DuplicateJsonObjectContextCustomizer@1787f2a0, org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockitoContextCustomizer@0, org.springframework.boot.test.web.client.TestRestTemplateContextCustomizer@dc9876b, org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestArgs@1, org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestWebEnvironment@11e21d0e], resourceBasePath = 'src/main/webapp', contextLoader = 'org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootContextLoader', parent = [null]], attributes = map['org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.activateListener' -> true, 'org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.populatedRequestContextHolder' -> true, 'org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.resetRequestContextHolder' -> true, 'org.springframework.test.context.event.ApplicationEventsTestExecutionListener.recordApplicationEvents' -> false]]; transaction manager [org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager@6abbdcde]; rollback [true]

2022-08-07 17:30:06.679 DEBUG 4131 --- [ main] org.hibernate.SQL : select member0_.member_id as member_i1_4_, member0_.city as city2_4_, member0_.street as street3_4_, member0_.zipcode as zipcode4_4_, member0_.name as name5_4_ from member member0_ where member0_.name=?

2022-08-07 17:30:06.687 TRACE 4131 --- [ main] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicBinder : binding parameter [1] as [VARCHAR] - [Cha1]

2022-08-07 17:30:06.695 INFO 4131 --- [ main] p6spy : #1659861006695 | took 6ms | statement | connection 8| url jdbc:h2:mem:bf903789-32b0-4e7c-a39d-964b893862ee

select member0_.member_id as member_i1_4_, member0_.city as city2_4_, member0_.street as street3_4_, member0_.zipcode as zipcode4_4_, member0_.name as name5_4_ from member member0_ where member0_.name=?

select member0_.member_id as member_i1_4_, member0_.city as city2_4_, member0_.street as street3_4_, member0_.zipcode as zipcode4_4_, member0_.name as name5_4_ from member member0_ where member0_.name='Cha1';

2022-08-07 17:30:06.702 DEBUG 4131 --- [ main] org.hibernate.SQL : call next value for hibernate_sequence

2022-08-07 17:30:06.703 INFO 4131 --- [ main] p6spy : #1659861006703 | took 0ms | statement | connection 8| url jdbc:h2:mem:bf903789-32b0-4e7c-a39d-964b893862ee

call next value for hibernate_sequence

call next value for hibernate_sequence;

2022-08-07 17:30:06.758 DEBUG 4131 --- [ main] org.hibernate.SQL : insert into member (city, street, zipcode, name, member_id) values (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)

2022-08-07 17:30:06.759 TRACE 4131 --- [ main] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicBinder : binding parameter [1] as [VARCHAR] - [null]

2022-08-07 17:30:06.759 TRACE 4131 --- [ main] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicBinder : binding parameter [2] as [VARCHAR] - [null]

2022-08-07 17:30:06.759 TRACE 4131 --- [ main] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicBinder : binding parameter [3] as [VARCHAR] - [null]

2022-08-07 17:30:06.759 TRACE 4131 --- [ main] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicBinder : binding parameter [4] as [VARCHAR] - [Cha1]

2022-08-07 17:30:06.760 TRACE 4131 --- [ main] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicBinder : binding parameter [5] as [BIGINT] - [1]

2022-08-07 17:30:06.761 INFO 4131 --- [ main] p6spy : #1659861006761 | took 0ms | statement | connection 8| url jdbc:h2:mem:bf903789-32b0-4e7c-a39d-964b893862ee

insert into member (city, street, zipcode, name, member_id) values (?, ?, ?, ?, ?)

insert into member (city, street, zipcode, name, member_id) values (NULL, NULL, NULL, 'Cha1', 1);

2022-08-07 17:30:06.765 INFO 4131 --- [ main] p6spy : #1659861006765 | took 0ms | commit | connection 8| url jdbc:h2:mem:bf903789-32b0-4e7c-a39d-964b893862ee

;

2022-08-07 17:30:06.868 DEBUG 4131 --- [ main] org.hibernate.SQL : select member0_.member_id as member_i1_4_0_, member0_.city as city2_4_0_, member0_.street as street3_4_0_, member0_.zipcode as zipcode4_4_0_, member0_.name as name5_4_0_ from member member0_ where member0_.member_id=?

2022-08-07 17:30:06.869 TRACE 4131 --- [ main] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicBinder : binding parameter [1] as [BIGINT] - [1]

2022-08-07 17:30:06.870 INFO 4131 --- [ main] p6spy : #1659861006870 | took 0ms | statement | connection 9| url jdbc:h2:mem:bf903789-32b0-4e7c-a39d-964b893862ee

select member0_.member_id as member_i1_4_0_, member0_.city as city2_4_0_, member0_.street as street3_4_0_, member0_.zipcode as zipcode4_4_0_, member0_.name as name5_4_0_ from member member0_ where member0_.member_id=?

select member0_.member_id as member_i1_4_0_, member0_.city as city2_4_0_, member0_.street as street3_4_0_, member0_.zipcode as zipcode4_4_0_, member0_.name as name5_4_0_ from member member0_ where member0_.member_id=1;

2022-08-07 17:30:06.874 TRACE 4131 --- [ main] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor : extracted value ([city2_4_0_] : [VARCHAR]) - [null]

2022-08-07 17:30:06.874 TRACE 4131 --- [ main] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor : extracted value ([street3_4_0_] : [VARCHAR]) - [null]

2022-08-07 17:30:06.874 TRACE 4131 --- [ main] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor : extracted value ([zipcode4_4_0_] : [VARCHAR]) - [null]

2022-08-07 17:30:06.874 TRACE 4131 --- [ main] o.h.type.descriptor.sql.BasicExtractor : extracted value ([name5_4_0_] : [VARCHAR]) - [Cha1]

2022-08-07 17:30:06.878 TRACE 4131 --- [ main] org.hibernate.type.CollectionType : Created collection wrapper: [japbook.jpashop.domain.Member.orders#1]

2022-08-07 17:30:06.896 INFO 4131 --- [ main] p6spy : #1659861006896 | took 0ms | rollback | connection 7| url jdbc:h2:mem:test

;

2022-08-07 17:30:06.897 INFO 4131 --- [ main] o.s.t.c.transaction.TransactionContext : Rolled back transaction for test: [DefaultTestContext@5f7b97da testClass = MemberServiceTest, testInstance = japbook.jpashop.service.MemberServiceTest@48463900, testMethod = 회원가입@MemberServiceTest, testException = org.opentest4j.AssertionFailedError:

expected: japbook.jpashop.domain.Member@1d47b761

but was: japbook.jpashop.domain.Member@7053b64b, mergedContextConfiguration = [WebMergedContextConfiguration@18b0930f testClass = MemberServiceTest, locations = '{}', classes = '{class japbook.jpashop.JpashopApplication}', contextInitializerClasses = '[]', activeProfiles = '{}', propertySourceLocations = '{}', propertySourceProperties = '{org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper=true}', contextCustomizers = set[org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.actuate.metrics.MetricsExportContextCustomizerFactory$DisableMetricExportContextCustomizer@5852c06f, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.properties.PropertyMappingContextCustomizer@0, org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.servlet.WebDriverContextCustomizerFactory$Customizer@1169afe1, org.springframework.boot.test.context.filter.ExcludeFilterContextCustomizer@13df2a8c, org.springframework.boot.test.json.DuplicateJsonObjectContextCustomizerFactory$DuplicateJsonObjectContextCustomizer@1787f2a0, org.springframework.boot.test.mock.mockito.MockitoContextCustomizer@0, org.springframework.boot.test.web.client.TestRestTemplateContextCustomizer@dc9876b, org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestArgs@1, org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestWebEnvironment@11e21d0e], resourceBasePath = 'src/main/webapp', contextLoader = 'org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootContextLoader', parent = [null]], attributes = map['org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.activateListener' -> true, 'org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.populatedRequestContextHolder' -> true, 'org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.resetRequestContextHolder' -> true, 'org.springframework.test.context.event.ApplicationEventsTestExecutionListener.recordApplicationEvents' -> false]]

org.opentest4j.AssertionFailedError:

expected: japbook.jpashop.domain.Member@1d47b761

but was: japbook.jpashop.domain.Member@7053b64b

Expected :japbook.jpashop.domain.Member@1d47b761

Actual :japbook.jpashop.domain.Member@7053b64b

at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method)

at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:62)

at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45)

at japbook.jpashop.service.MemberServiceTest.회원가입(MemberServiceTest.java:41)

at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)

at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)

at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)

at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:566)

at org.junit.platform.commons.util.ReflectionUtils.invokeMethod(ReflectionUtils.java:725)

at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.MethodInvocation.proceed(MethodInvocation.java:60)

at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.InvocationInterceptorChain$ValidatingInvocation.proceed(InvocationInterceptorChain.java:131)

at org.junit.jupiter.engine.extension.TimeoutExtension.intercept(TimeoutExtension.java:149)

at org.junit.jupiter.engine.extension.TimeoutExtension.interceptTestableMethod(TimeoutExtension.java:140)

at org.junit.jupiter.engine.extension.TimeoutExtension.interceptTestMethod(TimeoutExtension.java:84)

at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ExecutableInvoker$ReflectiveInterceptorCall.lambda$ofVoidMethod$0(ExecutableInvoker.java:115)

at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ExecutableInvoker.lambda$invoke$0(ExecutableInvoker.java:105)

at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.InvocationInterceptorChain$InterceptedInvocation.proceed(InvocationInterceptorChain.java:106)

at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.InvocationInterceptorChain.proceed(InvocationInterceptorChain.java:64)

at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.InvocationInterceptorChain.chainAndInvoke(InvocationInterceptorChain.java:45)

at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.InvocationInterceptorChain.invoke(InvocationInterceptorChain.java:37)

at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ExecutableInvoker.invoke(ExecutableInvoker.java:104)

at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ExecutableInvoker.invoke(ExecutableInvoker.java:98)

at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.lambda$invokeTestMethod$7(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:214)