#pragma once #include <bitset> template <class T> class Storage8 { private: T array_[8]; public: void set(const int& index, const T& value) { array_[index] = value; } const T& get(int index) const { return array_[index]; } }; template<> class Storage8<bool> { private: unsigned char data_; public: Storage8() :data_(0){} void set(int index, bool value) { unsigned char mask = 1 << index; // left shift std::cout <<"index bit : " << std::bitset<8>(mask) << std::endl; if (value) data_ |= mask; // flag on else data_ &= ~mask; // flag off std::cout << "After masking value : " << std::bitset<8>(data_) << std::endl; } bool get(int index) { unsigned char mask = 1 << index; return(data_ & mask) != 0; // Has data_? } };main.cpp#include <iostream> #include <array> #include "Storage8.h" using namespace std; int main() { // Define a Storage8 for integers Storage8<int> intStorage; for (int count = 0; count < 8; count++) intStorage.set(count, count); for (int count = 0; count < 8; count++) cout << intStorage.get(count) << endl; cout << "Sizeof Storage8<int> " << sizeof(Storage8<int>) << endl; // Define a Storage8 for bool Storage8<bool> boolStorage; for (int count = 0; count < 8; count++) boolStorage.set(count, count & 3); // 늘어나는 count와 3을 bitmasking for (int count = 0; count < 8; count++) cout << std::boolalpha<< boolStorage.get(count) << endl; cout << "Sizeof Storage8<bool> " << sizeof(Storage8<bool>) << endl; return 0; }이런 결과가 나왔는데요, 원문 learncpp에서는 boolStorage.set(count, count & 3); 처럼 value값에 늘어나는 count와 숫자 3을 넣었습니다. 그런데 이 원리가 어떻게 되는지 잘 모르겠습니다.

안녕하세요.oauth 를 사용하여 마이크로서비스 인증/인가를 구현하는 경우가 꽤 많은 것으로 알고 있습니다.구글링을 해보면 사용자가 최초 로그인 시, 인증서버에서 jwt 토큰을 발행해주고 사용자는 jwt 토큰을 사용하여 각 마이크로서비스의 api 를 요청하는 컨셉으로 확인됩니다.이때 각각의 마이크로서비스는 oauth 에서 리소스 서버의 역할로 볼 수 있고요.그래서 최초 토큰을 발행하는 인증 방식은 단순히 id/password 를 넘겨서 토큰을 발행받는 Resource Owner Password grant 방식을 사용했던 것 같은데요.하지만 강의에서 설명해 주신대로 최근 스프링 시큐리티의 Authorization 서버에서는 Resoure Owner Password grant 방식을 더 이상 사용할 수 없다고 하셨어요.그렇다면 마이크로서비스를 위해 Authorization 서버를 구현할 때, 토큰 발행을 어떤 방식으로 구현하는 것이 바람직할까요? 제3의 앱에서 로그인을 하는 것도 아닌데 Authorization code 방식을 적용할 필요가 있는 것인지 모르겠네요. 

"C:\Program Files\Java\jdk-18\bin\java.exe" -ea -Didea.test.cyclic.buffer.size=1048576 "-javaagent:C:\Program Files\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 2022.3.2\lib\idea_rt.jar=12660:C:\Program Files\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 2022.3.2\bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -Dsun.stdout.encoding=UTF-8 -Dsun.stderr.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "C:\Users\Mathlife\.m2\repository\org\junit\platform\junit-platform-launcher\1.9.2\junit-platform-launcher-1.9.2.jar;C:\Users\Mathlife\.m2\repository\org\junit\platform\junit-platform-engine\1.9.2\junit-platform-engine-1.9.2.jar;C:\Users\Mathlife\.m2\repository\org\opentest4j\opentest4j\1.2.0\opentest4j-1.2.0.jar;C:\Users\Mathlife\.m2\repository\org\junit\platform\junit-platform-commons\1.9.2\junit-platform-commons-1.9.2.jar;C:\Users\Mathlife\.m2\repository\org\apiguardian\apiguardian-api\1.1.2\apiguardian-api-1.1.2.jar;C:\Program Files\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 2022.3.2\lib\idea_rt.jar;C:\Program Files\JetBrains\IntelliJ IDEA 2022.3.2\plugins\junit\lib\junit5-rt.jar;C:\Program 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com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter -ideVersion5 -junit5 hello.springtx.apply.TxBasicTest 14:42:46.190 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper - Neither @ContextConfiguration nor @ContextHierarchy found for test class [TxBasicTest]: using SpringBootContextLoader 14:42:46.192 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractContextLoader - Could not detect default resource locations for test class [hello.springtx.apply.TxBasicTest]: no resource found for suffixes {-context.xml, Context.groovy}. 14:42:46.210 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper - Using ContextCustomizers for test class [TxBasicTest]: [DisableObservabilityContextCustomizer, PropertyMappingContextCustomizer, Customizer, ExcludeFilterContextCustomizer, DuplicateJsonObjectContextCustomizer, MockitoContextCustomizer, TestRestTemplateContextCustomizer] 14:42:46.300 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.test.context.util.TestContextSpringFactoriesUtils - Skipping candidate TestExecutionListener [org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener] due to a missing dependency. Specify custom TestExecutionListener classes or make the default TestExecutionListener classes and their required dependencies available. Offending class: [jakarta/servlet/ServletContext] 14:42:46.309 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper - Using TestExecutionListeners for test class [TxBasicTest]: [DirtiesContextBeforeModesTestExecutionListener, ApplicationEventsTestExecutionListener, MockitoTestExecutionListener, DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener, DirtiesContextTestExecutionListener, TransactionalTestExecutionListener, SqlScriptsTestExecutionListener, EventPublishingTestExecutionListener, RestDocsTestExecutionListener, MockRestServiceServerResetTestExecutionListener, MockMvcPrintOnlyOnFailureTestExecutionListener, WebDriverTestExecutionListener, MockWebServiceServerTestExecutionListener, ResetMocksTestExecutionListener] 14:42:46.310 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDirtiesContextTestExecutionListener - Before test class: class [TxBasicTest], class annotated with @DirtiesContext [false] with mode [null] 14:42:46.319 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener - Performing dependency injection for test class hello.springtx.apply.TxBasicTest . ____ _ __ _ _ /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \ ( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \ \\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) ) ' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / / =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/ :: Spring Boot :: (v3.0.3) 2023-03-01T14:42:46.513+09:00 INFO 10348 --- [ main] hello.springtx.apply.TxBasicTest : Starting TxBasicTest using Java 18 with PID 10348 (started by Mathlife in C:\Users\Mathlife\Desktop\Backend\06. spring-db-2\source\springtx) 2023-03-01T14:42:46.514+09:00 INFO 10348 --- [ main] hello.springtx.apply.TxBasicTest : No active profile set, falling back to 1 default profile: "default" 2023-03-01T14:42:46.750+09:00 INFO 10348 --- [ main] .s.d.r.c.RepositoryConfigurationDelegate : Bootstrapping Spring Data JPA repositories in DEFAULT mode. 2023-03-01T14:42:46.763+09:00 INFO 10348 --- [ main] .s.d.r.c.RepositoryConfigurationDelegate : Finished Spring Data repository scanning in 8 ms. Found 0 JPA repository interfaces. 2023-03-01T14:42:47.004+09:00 INFO 10348 --- [ main] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource : HikariPool-1 - Starting... 2023-03-01T14:42:47.143+09:00 INFO 10348 --- [ main] com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.HikariPool : HikariPool-1 - Added connection conn0: url=jdbc:h2:mem:a14918b4-a6d6-4daf-8c5f-4f7baf9d1b32 user=SA 2023-03-01T14:42:47.144+09:00 INFO 10348 --- [ main] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource : HikariPool-1 - Start completed. 2023-03-01T14:42:47.176+09:00 INFO 10348 --- [ main] o.hibernate.jpa.internal.util.LogHelper : HHH000204: Processing PersistenceUnitInfo [name: default] 2023-03-01T14:42:47.214+09:00 INFO 10348 --- [ main] org.hibernate.Version : HHH000412: Hibernate ORM core version 6.1.7.Final 2023-03-01T14:42:47.440+09:00 INFO 10348 --- [ main] SQL dialect : HHH000400: Using dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.H2Dialect 2023-03-01T14:42:47.620+09:00 INFO 10348 --- [ main] o.h.e.t.j.p.i.JtaPlatformInitiator : HHH000490: Using JtaPlatform implementation: [org.hibernate.engine.transaction.jta.platform.internal.NoJtaPlatform] 2023-03-01T14:42:47.628+09:00 INFO 10348 --- [ main] j.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean : Initialized JPA EntityManagerFactory for persistence unit 'default' 2023-03-01T14:42:47.718+09:00 INFO 10348 --- [ main] hello.springtx.apply.TxBasicTest : Started TxBasicTest in 1.374 seconds (process running for 1.964) 2023-03-01T14:42:47.722+09:00 ERROR 10348 --- [ main] o.s.test.context.TestContextManager : Caught exception while allowing TestExecutionListener [org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener] to prepare test instance [hello.springtx.apply.TxBasicTest@615e83ac] org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'hello.springtx.apply.TxBasicTest': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'basicService': No qualifying bean of type 'hello.springtx.apply.TxBasicTest$BasicService' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)} at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.resolveFieldValue(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:712) ~[spring-beans-6.0.5.jar:6.0.5] at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:692) ~[spring-beans-6.0.5.jar:6.0.5] at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:133) ~[spring-beans-6.0.5.jar:6.0.5] at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessProperties(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:481) ~[spring-beans-6.0.5.jar:6.0.5] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1398) ~[spring-beans-6.0.5.jar:6.0.5] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.autowireBeanProperties(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:398) ~[spring-beans-6.0.5.jar:6.0.5] at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:142) ~[spring-test-6.0.5.jar:6.0.5] at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:97) ~[spring-test-6.0.5.jar:6.0.5] at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:241) ~[spring-test-6.0.5.jar:6.0.5] at org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringExtension.postProcessTestInstance(SpringExtension.java:138) ~[spring-test-6.0.5.jar:6.0.5] at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.lambda$invokeTestInstancePostProcessors$10(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:377) ~[junit-jupiter-engine-5.9.2.jar:5.9.2] at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.executeAndMaskThrowable(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:382) ~[junit-jupiter-engine-5.9.2.jar:5.9.2] at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.lambda$invokeTestInstancePostProcessors$11(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:377) ~[junit-jupiter-engine-5.9.2.jar:5.9.2] at java.base/java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$3$1.accept(ReferencePipeline.java:197) ~[na:na] at java.base/java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$2$1.accept(ReferencePipeline.java:179) ~[na:na] at java.base/java.util.ArrayList$ArrayListSpliterator.forEachRemaining(ArrayList.java:1625) ~[na:na] at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:509) ~[na:na] at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.wrapAndCopyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:499) ~[na:na] at java.base/java.util.stream.StreamSpliterators$WrappingSpliterator.forEachRemaining(StreamSpliterators.java:310) ~[na:na] at java.base/java.util.stream.Streams$ConcatSpliterator.forEachRemaining(Streams.java:735) ~[na:na] at java.base/java.util.stream.Streams$ConcatSpliterator.forEachRemaining(Streams.java:734) ~[na:na] at java.base/java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$Head.forEach(ReferencePipeline.java:762) ~[na:na] at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.invokeTestInstancePostProcessors(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:376) ~[junit-jupiter-engine-5.9.2.jar:5.9.2] at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.lambda$instantiateAndPostProcessTestInstance$6(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:289) ~[junit-jupiter-engine-5.9.2.jar:5.9.2] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.2.jar:1.9.2] at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.instantiateAndPostProcessTestInstance(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:288) ~[junit-jupiter-engine-5.9.2.jar:5.9.2] at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.lambda$testInstancesProvider$4(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:278) ~[junit-jupiter-engine-5.9.2.jar:5.9.2] at java.base/java.util.Optional.orElseGet(Optional.java:364) ~[na:na] at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.lambda$testInstancesProvider$5(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:277) ~[junit-jupiter-engine-5.9.2.jar:5.9.2] at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.TestInstancesProvider.getTestInstances(TestInstancesProvider.java:31) ~[junit-jupiter-engine-5.9.2.jar:5.9.2] at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.lambda$prepare$0(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:105) ~[junit-jupiter-engine-5.9.2.jar:5.9.2] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.2.jar:1.9.2] at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.prepare(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:104) ~[junit-jupiter-engine-5.9.2.jar:5.9.2] at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.prepare(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:68) ~[junit-jupiter-engine-5.9.2.jar:5.9.2] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$prepare$2(NodeTestTask.java:123) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.2.jar:1.9.2] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.2.jar:1.9.2] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.prepare(NodeTestTask.java:123) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.2.jar:1.9.2] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:90) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.2.jar:1.9.2] at java.base/java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1511) ~[na:na] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.invokeAll(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:41) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.2.jar:1.9.2] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$6(NodeTestTask.java:155) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.2.jar:1.9.2] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.2.jar:1.9.2] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$8(NodeTestTask.java:141) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.2.jar:1.9.2] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.Node.around(Node.java:137) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.2.jar:1.9.2] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$9(NodeTestTask.java:139) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.2.jar:1.9.2] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.2.jar:1.9.2] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.executeRecursively(NodeTestTask.java:138) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.2.jar:1.9.2] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:95) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.2.jar:1.9.2] at java.base/java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1511) ~[na:na] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.invokeAll(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:41) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.2.jar:1.9.2] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$6(NodeTestTask.java:155) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.2.jar:1.9.2] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.2.jar:1.9.2] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$8(NodeTestTask.java:141) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.2.jar:1.9.2] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.Node.around(Node.java:137) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.2.jar:1.9.2] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$9(NodeTestTask.java:139) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.2.jar:1.9.2] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.2.jar:1.9.2] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.executeRecursively(NodeTestTask.java:138) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.2.jar:1.9.2] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:95) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.2.jar:1.9.2] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.submit(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:35) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.2.jar:1.9.2] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.HierarchicalTestExecutor.execute(HierarchicalTestExecutor.java:57) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.2.jar:1.9.2] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.HierarchicalTestEngine.execute(HierarchicalTestEngine.java:54) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.2.jar:1.9.2] at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.execute(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:147) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.9.2.jar:1.9.2] at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.execute(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:127) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.9.2.jar:1.9.2] at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.execute(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:90) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.9.2.jar:1.9.2] at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.lambda$execute$0(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:55) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.9.2.jar:1.9.2] at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.withInterceptedStreams(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:102) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.9.2.jar:1.9.2] at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.execute(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:54) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.9.2.jar:1.9.2] at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:114) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.9.2.jar:1.9.2] at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:86) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.9.2.jar:1.9.2] at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncherSession$DelegatingLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncherSession.java:86) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.9.2.jar:1.9.2] at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.SessionPerRequestLauncher.execute(SessionPerRequestLauncher.java:53) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.9.2.jar:1.9.2] at com.intellij.junit5.JUnit5IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit5IdeaTestRunner.java:57) ~[junit5-rt.jar:na] at com.intellij.rt.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater$1.execute(IdeaTestRunner.java:38) ~[junit-rt.jar:na] at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.TestsRepeater.repeat(TestsRepeater.java:11) ~[idea_rt.jar:na] at com.intellij.rt.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:35) ~[junit-rt.jar:na] at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:235) ~[junit-rt.jar:na] at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:54) ~[junit-rt.jar:na] Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'hello.springtx.apply.TxBasicTest$BasicService' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)} at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoMatchingBeanFound(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1812) ~[spring-beans-6.0.5.jar:6.0.5] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1371) ~[spring-beans-6.0.5.jar:6.0.5] at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1325) ~[spring-beans-6.0.5.jar:6.0.5] at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.resolveFieldValue(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:709) ~[spring-beans-6.0.5.jar:6.0.5] ... 76 common frames omitted org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'hello.springtx.apply.TxBasicTest': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'basicService': No qualifying bean of type 'hello.springtx.apply.TxBasicTest$BasicService' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)} at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.resolveFieldValue(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:712) at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:692) at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:133) at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessProperties(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:481) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1398) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.autowireBeanProperties(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:398) at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:142) at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:97) at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:241) at org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringExtension.postProcessTestInstance(SpringExtension.java:138) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.lambda$invokeTestInstancePostProcessors$10(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:377) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.executeAndMaskThrowable(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:382) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.lambda$invokeTestInstancePostProcessors$11(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:377) at java.base/java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$3$1.accept(ReferencePipeline.java:197) at java.base/java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$2$1.accept(ReferencePipeline.java:179) at java.base/java.util.ArrayList$ArrayListSpliterator.forEachRemaining(ArrayList.java:1625) at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.copyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:509) at java.base/java.util.stream.AbstractPipeline.wrapAndCopyInto(AbstractPipeline.java:499) at java.base/java.util.stream.StreamSpliterators$WrappingSpliterator.forEachRemaining(StreamSpliterators.java:310) at java.base/java.util.stream.Streams$ConcatSpliterator.forEachRemaining(Streams.java:735) at java.base/java.util.stream.Streams$ConcatSpliterator.forEachRemaining(Streams.java:734) at java.base/java.util.stream.ReferencePipeline$Head.forEach(ReferencePipeline.java:762) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.invokeTestInstancePostProcessors(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:376) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.lambda$instantiateAndPostProcessTestInstance$6(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:289) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.instantiateAndPostProcessTestInstance(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:288) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.lambda$testInstancesProvider$4(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:278) at java.base/java.util.Optional.orElseGet(Optional.java:364) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.lambda$testInstancesProvider$5(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:277) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.TestInstancesProvider.getTestInstances(TestInstancesProvider.java:31) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.lambda$prepare$0(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:105) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.prepare(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:104) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.prepare(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:68) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$prepare$2(NodeTestTask.java:123) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.prepare(NodeTestTask.java:123) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:90) at java.base/java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1511) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.invokeAll(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:41) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$6(NodeTestTask.java:155) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$8(NodeTestTask.java:141) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.Node.around(Node.java:137) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$9(NodeTestTask.java:139) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.executeRecursively(NodeTestTask.java:138) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:95) at java.base/java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1511) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.invokeAll(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:41) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$6(NodeTestTask.java:155) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$8(NodeTestTask.java:141) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.Node.around(Node.java:137) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$9(NodeTestTask.java:139) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.executeRecursively(NodeTestTask.java:138) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:95) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.submit(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:35) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.HierarchicalTestExecutor.execute(HierarchicalTestExecutor.java:57) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.HierarchicalTestEngine.execute(HierarchicalTestEngine.java:54) at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.execute(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:147) at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.execute(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:127) at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.execute(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:90) at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.lambda$execute$0(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:55) at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.withInterceptedStreams(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:102) at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.execute(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:54) at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:114) at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:86) at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncherSession$DelegatingLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncherSession.java:86) at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.SessionPerRequestLauncher.execute(SessionPerRequestLauncher.java:53) at com.intellij.junit5.JUnit5IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit5IdeaTestRunner.java:57) at com.intellij.rt.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater$1.execute(IdeaTestRunner.java:38) at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.TestsRepeater.repeat(TestsRepeater.java:11) at com.intellij.rt.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:35) at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:235) at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:54) Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'hello.springtx.apply.TxBasicTest$BasicService' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)} at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoMatchingBeanFound(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1812) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1371) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:1325) at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.resolveFieldValue(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:709) ... 76 more 2023-03-01T14:42:47.739+09:00 INFO 10348 --- [ionShutdownHook] j.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean : Closing JPA EntityManagerFactory for persistence unit 'default' 2023-03-01T14:42:47.741+09:00 INFO 10348 --- [ionShutdownHook] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource : HikariPool-1 - Shutdown initiated... 2023-03-01T14:42:47.742+09:00 INFO 10348 --- [ionShutdownHook] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource : HikariPool-1 - Shutdown completed. Process finished with exit code -1 TxBasicTest를 실행하면 위와 같은 에러가 발생합니다.스프링 부트 버전과 자바 버전을 제외한 다른 부분은 똑같이 설정한 것 같은데 뭐가 문제인지를 모르겠습니다. build.gradleplugins { id 'java' id 'org.springframework.boot' version '3.0.3' id 'io.spring.dependency-management' version '1.1.0' } group = 'hello' version = '0.0.1-SNAPSHOT' sourceCompatibility = '17' configurations { compileOnly { extendsFrom annotationProcessor } } repositories { mavenCentral() } dependencies { implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-data-jpa' compileOnly 'org.projectlombok:lombok' runtimeOnly 'com.h2database:h2' annotationProcessor 'org.projectlombok:lombok' testImplementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test' //테스트에서 lombok 사용 testCompileOnly 'org.projectlombok:lombok' testAnnotationProcessor 'org.projectlombok:lombok' } tasks.named('test') { useJUnitPlatform() }  디렉토리 구조테스트 코드package hello.springtx.apply; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test; import org.springframework.aop.support.AopUtils; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest; import org.springframework.boot.test.context.TestConfiguration; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional; import org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionSynchronizationManager; import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.*; @Slf4j @SpringBootTest public class TxBasicTest { @Autowired BasicService basicService; @Test void proxyCheck() { log.info("aop class={}", basicService.getClass()); assertThat(AopUtils.isAopProxy(basicService)).isTrue(); } @Test void txTest() { basicService.tx(); basicService.nonTx(); } @TestConfiguration static class TxApplyBasicConfig { @Bean BasicService basicService() { return new BasicService(); } } @Slf4j static class BasicService { @Transactional public void tx() { boolean txActive = TransactionSynchronizationManager.isActualTransactionActive(); log.info("call tx"); log.info("tx active={}", txActive); } public void nonTx() { boolean txActive = TransactionSynchronizationManager.isActualTransactionActive(); log.info("call non tx"); log.info("tx active={}", txActive); } } }

PS C:\Users\user\fooddeliveryapp\front> npm i --force > fooddeliveryapp@0.0.1 postinstall > patch-package patch-package 6.5.1 Applying patches... react-native-image-crop-picker@0.39.0 ✔ up to date, audited 1395 packages in 3s 125 packages are looking for funding run `npm fund` for details found 0 vulnerabilitiespatch-package 적용이 됐다고 하는데 다시 실행해도 사진 저장이 안됩니다또한 option 타고 들어갔을 때 saveToPhotos 검색 결과가 안나왔습니다그럼 적용이 안 된건가요??

안녕하세요 선생님.JdbcTemplate이 있기 때문에 UserController가 인스턴스화되지 않아도 실행된다고 하셨는데 CalculatorController에 JdbcTemplate이 없는데 어떻게 실행되는 건가요?답변 감사드립니다.

안녕하세요 강사님.풀이관련해서 질문인데요. 이분탐색으로 최소 시간을 구하는 것까지 이해했는데요.(ret - 1)에 대해서 다시 구하는게 잘 이해가 안되서요 ㅜ.N명이 모두 탈 수 있는 최소 시간이 ret이고,그보다 1분 전시간에 탈 수 있는 인원을 구해서 N번 아이가 탈 때의 놀이기구 번호를 구하는 거로 이해하면 될까요?

C++이 기대되긴하는데 2월은 힘들다고 하셔서 언제 업로드될지 예정이라도 알 수 있을까요?

안녕하세요~ 강의 마지막 부분에 동적할당 관련하여 이해가 안되는 부분이 있어서 질문 드립니다.sizeof(str5)의 경우 메모리 크기가 4이고 strlen(str5)인 경우 5로 나오는데요. "Hello"는 5byte이고 sizeof(str5)은 4byte인데 str5 변수에 "Hello"가 어떻게 들어갈 수 있는지 궁금합니다

안녕하세요, 이제 막 수업을 시작했습니다. 친절하게 설명해주셔서 문과를 나온 저에게도 어려워보이는 내용들이 쉽게 다가오고 있습니다. 강의에서 나온 예제 뿐만아니라 연습문제를 추가적으로 더 풀어보고 싶은데요, 혹시 연습문제를 더 풀 수 있는 자료들이 추가적으로 더 있을까요?

Session#2 강의 시작부분에 설명해주신 내용에서, SEssion의 receive는 OnRecvCompleted()메서드에 여러 스레드가 동시다발적으로 들어가는 경우는 없다.  라고 하셨는데, 왜 그런지 이해를 못했습니다. ServerCore의 OnAcceptHandler는 콜백함수라서 콜백함수는 다른 스레드가 생겨나서 실행이 된다고 들었던 것 같은데,  그렇다면 두 스레드가 OnAcceptHandler에서 Session.Start()를 해버리면 OnRecvCompleted()메서드를 두 스레드가 동시에 실행할 경우가 생기지 않나요?

- 학습 관련 질문을 남겨주세요. 상세히 작성하면 더 좋아요! - 먼저 유사한 질문이 있었는지 검색해보세요. - 서로 예의를 지키며 존중하는 문화를 만들어가요. - 잠깐! 인프런 서비스 운영 관련 문의는 1:1 문의하기를 이용해주세요.좋은 강의 감사합니다. 공부중에 궁금한게 있어서 글을 적습니다. CustomAuthenticationProvider는 현재 support로 UsernamePasswordToken인지 확인하고 있는데 DaoProvider의 경우에도 같은UsernamePasswordToken으로 검증하고 있던데 이런 경우 제가 등록한 provider가 더 우선권을 갖게 되어서 provider list를 순회 할때 custom provider가 더 먼저 지나가게 됨으로 daoprovider는 거치지 않는 것이 맞는건가요?또한 제가 등록한 custom provider는 parent로 daoprovider를 갖게 되는지도 궁금합니다.

안녕하세요 7.3 참조에 의한 인수 전달 강의 듣고 있는데 교수님이 여러가지 리턴 타입에 관한 강의가 앞쪽 강의에 있다 하시는데 찾지를 못해서요 몇번째 강의 인지 알고 싶습니다.

apm setup은 윈도우 용인데 제 개발환경이 맥이라..

안녕하세요 강사님교안 및 1주차 개념강의를 듣고 문제를 보고있는 중인 학생입니다!문제를 봤을때 로직은 알겠으나 아직 c++에 익숙하지 않은지 구현에서 어려움을 겪고 있어서 한문제 듣고 비슷한 문제로 연습을 하고 싶은데 비슷한 문제를 찾는 방법이 있을까요? 아예 기초문제같은경우는 백준내에서 비슷한 문제라는 탭을 제공해주는것 같은데 강의에 있는 문제는 분류를 어떻게 찾아야할지 잘 모르겠어서 질문드립니다!

인프런 아이디 : bjs2417@inswave.com인프런 이메일 : bjs2417@inswave.com깃헙 아이디 : qornwh@gmail.com깃헙 Username : qornwh

연습삼아 나라장터의 상단 부분에 셀레니움을 통해 특정 검색어를 입력 후 검색을 실행 하려합니다관련하여, 해당페이지 접속 후 단순히 find.element를 통해 driver.find_element(By.ID,"AKCKwd").sendkeys("검색어")와같이 사용할 수는 없는 것 인지요?

채점 결과 태스트 케이스2~5까지는 정답으로 나옵니다.4개 모두 200ms안에 끝납니다반면에 가장 테스트 케이스 크기가 작을 case1에서는 타임리밋이 뜹니다이유는 무엇이고 해결책은 무엇일까요?import java.util.*; public class Main { static String answer = "NO"; static int N,M; static int[] ch,dis; public void BFS(int t1, int t2, ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> arr) { Queue<Integer> Q = new LinkedList<>(); Loop:for(int i = 1;i<=N;i++) { if(ch[i] == 0) { Q.offer(i); while(!Q.isEmpty()) { int tmp = Q.poll(); ch[tmp] = 1; dis[tmp] = 1; if(dis[t1] == 1 && dis[t2]==1) { answer = "YES"; break Loop; } int len = arr.get(tmp).size(); for(int j = 0;j<len;j++) { int n = arr.get(tmp).get(j); Q.offer(n); } } Arrays.fill(dis, 0); } } } public static void main(String[] args){ Scanner in=new Scanner(System.in); N = in.nextInt(); M = in.nextInt(); ch = new int[N+1]; dis = new int[N+1]; ArrayList<ArrayList<Integer>> arr = new ArrayList<>(); for(int i = 0;i<=N;i++) { arr.add(new ArrayList<Integer>()); } for(int i = 0;i<M;i++) { int a = in.nextInt(); int b= in.nextInt(); arr.get(a).add(b); } int t1 = in.nextInt(); int t2 = in.nextInt(); Main T = new Main(); T.BFS(t1, t2, arr); System.out.print(answer); } }

typescript 기초 강의에서 nest를 처음 실행했는데 실행 시 너무 오래 걸립니다..(약 20~30분 정도) windows os에서 실행 햇는데 이유가 있을까요?현재 컴퓨터 사양은 Memory 32G 에 RAM 16 Core 입니다.매번 이렇게 시간이 걸리면 현실적으로 test가 불가능해서 방법을 구하고자 합니다. +추가yarn으로 실행해봐도 비슷하네요..Windows OS에서 WSL 통해서 Ubuntu 환경에서 실행하고 있습니다.

다른 분들의 질문답변을 보다 헷갈려서 질문드립니다.어떤분 질문답변에서host: www.delivery.com IP와 포트 : 200.200.200.2:3000host:www.hungry.com IP와 포트 : 200.200.200.2:3000이와 같은 상황에서는 포트번호가 같아 작동하지 않는다. 포트번호는 응용 계층(즉, OS)에서 관리하는 가상의 개념인지라 같은 포트번호를 두개의 어플리케이션에서 공유할 순 없다. 라고 되어있는데 다른분 질문에서는aaa.com 의 포트번호 100번에 배달의 민족 주문 서비스(하나의 .jar파일 실행이라고 가정)bbb.com 의 포트번호 100번에 카카오 선물하기 서비스(IP는 200.200.200.2 로 동일하다)이런식으로 따로 연결이 되고 이 포트번호 100에는 또다른 프로그램(서비스)을 연결할 수 있다고 되어있습니다. 다른 도메인이 같은 포트를 사용할 수 있는 건지 궁금합니다. 답변주시면 정말 감사하겠습니다. 

안녕하세요 강의에 사용했던 예제 샘플들은 공유 안해주시나요?