강의 [10:03]에 const a: A 부분의 A가 인스턴스라고 말씀 해주셨는데 a변수에 클래스 그 자체를 넣어도 할당이 됩니다.// type = A const a: A = new A(); // Success const a2: A = A; // Success인스턴스 ⊂ 클래스 의 관계인데 이게 어떻게 가능한지 잘 이해가 안갑니다.. // type = typeof A const b: typeof A = new A(); // Fail const b2: typeof A = A; // Success

안녕하세요, 탐색보고서 문의드립니다. 전자상거래 세팅 후, "수익 창출 > 전자상거래 구매 보고서"에서는 구매한 상품 개수나 상품 수익 등의 수치는 잘 보이고 있으나, 탐색 보고서 "자유양식"에서는 전자상거래 관련 데이터가 보이질 않습니다.(1) 수치 0으로 보이는 측정 항목 : 총 수익, 사용자당 평균 구매 수익, 전자상거래 수익, 제품 수익, 구매 수익, 구매자당 거래 수, 이벤트 수익(2) 수치가 보이는 측정 항목 : 전체 구매자 수, 전자상거래 구매, 수량, 구매 등어떻게 해야 자유양식 탐색 보고서에서도 전자상거래 수익을 볼 수 있을까요? 답변 부탁드립니다ㅠㅠ!

인터넷은 패킷교환 방식으로 통신을 한다고 알고있습니다. 이유는 회선교환방식은 A와 B가 통신을 하는데 끊어지는데 문제가 발생하면 안되기 때문이라고 알고있습니다. 근데 패킷교환방식도 마찬가지 아닌가요? 무슨말이냐 하면1개의 회선에 여러개의 패킷으로 쪼개서 여러사용자가 이용한다고 들었습니다. 근데 이런방식 또한 회선이 끊어지면 통신에 문제가 발생하지 않나요??  osi7계층에서 1 2 3 계층은 장비간의 연결 4 5 6 7 간에는 어플간의 통신이라고 알고있습니다. 그럼 만약에A장비와 B장비가 프로그램이 내장되지 않는 예전 전화같은 장비라면 3계층까지만 필요하고 4 5 6 7 계층은 필요없나요??

안녕하세요.DiscriminatorColumn, DiscriminatorValue 를 이용하여 DTYPE을 자동으로 insert하는 기능이 참 편리해보이는데요.만약에 예시에 나온 Item의 관리가 객체 이름이 아닌 일련의 문자열 ItemCode로 이루어진다면, 그리고 ItemCode를 DB 등에 따로 저장하여 사용하고 있다면 DiscriminatorValue에 그 값을 넣어줄 수 있는 방법이 있을까요?만약 DB에서 조회하는 것이 불가능하다면 DB가 아니라 코드로 정의를 해놓는다면(Enum등으로) 참조값을 넣어줄 수는 있을까요?감사합니다.  

[질문 템플릿]1. 강의 내용과 관련된 질문인가요? (예)2. 인프런의 질문 게시판과 자주 하는 질문에 없는 내용인가요? (예)3. 질문 잘하기 메뉴얼을 읽어보셨나요? (예[질문 내용]여기에 질문 내용을 남겨주세요./Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk-17.jdk/Contents/Home/bin/java -ea -Didea.test.cyclic.buffer.size=1048576 -javaagent:/Applications/IntelliJ IDEA CE.app/Contents/lib/idea_rt.jar=60083:/Applications/IntelliJ IDEA CE.app/Contents/bin -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath /Users/anshinyoung/.m2/repository/org/junit/platform/junit-platform-launcher/1.9.3/junit-platform-launcher-1.9.3.jar:/Users/anshinyoung/.m2/repository/org/junit/platform/junit-platform-engine/1.9.3/junit-platform-engine-1.9.3.jar:/Users/anshinyoung/.m2/repository/org/opentest4j/opentest4j/1.2.0/opentest4j-1.2.0.jar:/Users/anshinyoung/.m2/repository/org/junit/platform/junit-platform-commons/1.9.3/junit-platform-commons-1.9.3.jar:/Users/anshinyoung/.m2/repository/org/apiguardian/apiguardian-api/1.1.2/apiguardian-api-1.1.2.jar:/Applications/IntelliJ IDEA CE.app/Contents/lib/idea_rt.jar:/Applications/IntelliJ IDEA CE.app/Contents/plugins/junit/lib/junit5-rt.jar:/Applications/IntelliJ IDEA CE.app/Contents/plugins/junit/lib/junit-rt.jar:/Users/anshinyoung/study/hello-spring/out/test/classes:/Users/anshinyoung/study/hello-spring/out/production/classes:/Users/anshinyoung/study/hello-spring/out/production/resources:/Users/anshinyoung/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf/3.0.8/efd3c82f81571dae1ca77ead5980571e29f351e1/spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf-3.0.8.jar:/Users/anshinyoung/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-web/3.0.8/e409cbbbd966fe1cf3912c15dd68701e0de28967/spring-boot-starter-web-3.0.8.jar:/Users/anshinyoung/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-jdbc/3.0.8/d2b5368d2e7b7d2952144f1507e67822889b8adf/spring-boot-starter-jdbc-3.0.8.jar:/Users/anshinyoung/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-test/3.0.8/b024f428e48d472d9d7bbeb02e6fb11b531f7437/spring-boot-starter-test-3.0.8.jar:/Users/anshinyoung/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter/3.0.8/7bee4f12a569e53ddb66814929bb1c906daf9ab3/spring-boot-starter-3.0.8.jar:/Users/anshinyoung/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.thymeleaf/thymeleaf-spring6/3.1.1.RELEASE/deb52ef921a4ac5132fedb7ebfc2bc1dad4382b3/thymeleaf-spring6-3.1.1.RELEASE.jar:/Users/anshinyoung/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-json/3.0.8/83468643e2a4f5578d2261781e339d38cecfcfa7/spring-boot-starter-json-3.0.8.jar:/Users/anshinyoung/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-tomcat/3.0.8/bc5232341b34667da73e0f96889109bada8ed17f/spring-boot-starter-tomcat-3.0.8.jar:/Users/anshinyoung/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.springframework/spring-webmvc/6.0.10/af3f040747f4bfbcdb96140f8c9d252d3a6a4ef1/spring-webmvc-6.0.10.jar:/Users/anshinyoung/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.springframework/spring-web/6.0.10/e61defa7908bf7a499f000dab8ef7691c2aa75c1/spring-web-6.0.10.jar:/Users/anshinyoung/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/com.zaxxer/HikariCP/5.0.1/a74c7f0a37046846e88d54f7cb6ea6d565c65f9c/HikariCP-5.0.1.jar:/Users/anshinyoung/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.springframework/spring-jdbc/6.0.10/5179c98c5eba511cdd31852d1f74063aa17bf3da/spring-jdbc-6.0.10.jar:/Users/anshinyoung/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-test-autoconfigure/3.0.8/9e805d95c802d8db8ac0ea298651aa7d906e040b/spring-boot-test-autoconfigure-3.0.8.jar:/Users/anshinyoung/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-test/3.0.8/31e2dfece627794ef8f8ac51941ca05e87a331e6/spring-boot-test-3.0.8.jar:/Users/anshinyoung/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/com.jayway.jsonpath/json-path/2.7.0/f9d7d9659f2694e61142046ff8a216c047f263e8/json-path-2.7.0.jar:/Users/anshinyoung/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/jakarta.xml.bind/jakarta.xml.bind-api/4.0.0/bbb399208d288b15ec101fa4fcfc4bd77cedc97a/jakarta.xml.bind-api-4.0.0.jar:/Users/anshinyoung/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.assertj/assertj-core/3.23.1/d2bb60570f5b3d7ffa8f8000118c9c07b86eca93/assertj-core-3.23.1.jar:/Users/anshinyoung/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.hamcrest/hamcrest/2.2/1820c0968dba3a11a1b30669bb1f01978a91dedc/hamcrest-2.2.jar:/Users/anshinyoung/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.junit.jupiter/junit-jupiter/5.9.3/72e840501e1550e9799c9a5cc9483d7d6b29e0ba/junit-jupiter-5.9.3.jar:/Users/anshinyoung/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.mockito/mockito-junit-jupiter/4.8.1/e393aa62eca2244a535b03842843f2f199343d1f/mockito-junit-jupiter-4.8.1.jar:/Users/anshinyoung/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.mockito/mockito-core/4.8.1/d8eb9dec8747d08645347bb8c69088ac83197975/mockito-core-4.8.1.jar:/Users/anshinyoung/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.skyscreamer/jsonassert/1.5.1/6d842d0faf4cf6725c509a5e5347d319ee0431c3/jsonassert-1.5.1.jar:/Users/anshinyoung/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.springframework/spring-test/6.0.10/8773ebcd0e6822e2e5a816752cbe2419d7b1b4b4/spring-test-6.0.10.jar:/Users/anshinyoung/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.springframework/spring-core/6.0.10/889aa214b6607763ddeb6bd391d682cd71681b36/spring-core-6.0.10.jar:/Users/anshinyoung/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.xmlunit/xmlunit-core/2.9.1/e5833662d9a1279a37da3ef6f62a1da29fcd68c4/xmlunit-core-2.9.1.jar:/Users/anshinyoung/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-autoconfigure/3.0.8/175465e711e214be7d0ae7e14ecff1235617bde7/spring-boot-autoconfigure-3.0.8.jar:/Users/anshinyoung/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot/3.0.8/9eb8dca474e0194fabb44c2e3c97aba943f5fa68/spring-boot-3.0.8.jar:/Users/anshinyoung/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-logging/3.0.8/2dd1112cc3c1ee62ab86aceb99dccfda6e82d5dd/spring-boot-starter-logging-3.0.8.jar:/Users/anshinyoung/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/jakarta.annotation/jaka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ackson-annotations/2.14.3/b49701acb02b8e95ae1967821cfbafc220cf5795/jackson-annotations-2.14.3.jar:/Users/anshinyoung/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/com.fasterxml.jackson.core/jackson-core/2.14.3/4fa101f81504ed6811bf1823270adb51a9b45ff3/jackson-core-2.14.3.jar:/Users/anshinyoung/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/io.micrometer/micrometer-commons/1.10.8/321a2661884620ddcc30af8adca6534cb706970b/micrometer-commons-1.10.8.jar:/Users/anshinyoung/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/net.minidev/accessors-smart/2.4.11/245ceca7bdf3190fbb977045c852d5f3c8efece1/accessors-smart-2.4.11.jar:/Users/anshinyoung/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.apiguardian/apiguardian-api/1.1.2/a231e0d844d2721b0fa1b238006d15c6ded6842a/apiguardian-api-1.1.2.jar:/Users/anshinyoung/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.junit.platform/junit-platform-commons/1.9.3/36b2e26a90c41603be7f0094bee80e3f8a2cd4d4/junit-platform-commons-1.9.3.jar:/Users/anshinyoung/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.opentest4j/opentest4j/1.2.0/28c11eb91f9b6d8e200631d46e20a7f407f2a046/opentest4j-1.2.0.jar:/Users/anshinyoung/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/ch.qos.logback/logback-core/1.4.8/3fba9c105e0efc5ffdcda701379687917d5286f7/logback-core-1.4.8.jar:/Users/anshinyoung/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.apache.logging.log4j/log4j-api/2.19.0/ea1b37f38c327596b216542bc636cfdc0b8036fa/log4j-api-2.19.0.jar:/Users/anshinyoung/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.ow2.asm/asm/9.3/8e6300ef51c1d801a7ed62d07cd221aca3a90640/asm-9.3.jar:/Users/anshinyoung/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/com.h2database/h2/2.1.214/d5c2005c9e3279201e12d4776c948578b16bf8b2/h2-2.1.214.jar:/Users/anshinyoung/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.junit.jupiter/junit-jupiter-engine/5.9.3/355322b03bf39306a183162cd06626c206f0286b/junit-jupiter-engine-5.9.3.jar:/Users/anshinyoung/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.objenesis/objenesis/3.2/7fadf57620c8b8abdf7519533e5527367cb51f09/objenesis-3.2.jar:/Users/anshinyoung/.gradle/caches/modules-2/files-2.1/org.junit.platform/junit-platform-engine/1.9.3/8616734a190f8d307376aeb7353dba0a2c037a09/junit-platform-engine-1.9.3.jar com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter -ideVersion5 -junit5 hello.hellospring.service.MemberServiceIntegrationTest,회원가입20:50:58.916 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper -- Neither @ContextConfiguration nor @ContextHierarchy found for test class [MemberServiceIntegrationTest]: using SpringBootContextLoader20:50:58.918 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractContextLoader -- Could not detect default resource locations for test class [hello.hellospring.service.MemberServiceIntegrationTest]: no resource found for suffixes {-context.xml, Context.groovy}.20:50:58.918 [main] INFO org.springframework.test.context.support.AnnotationConfigContextLoaderUtils -- Could not detect default configuration classes for test class [hello.hellospring.service.MemberServiceIntegrationTest]: MemberServiceIntegrationTest does not declare any static, non-private, non-final, nested classes annotated with @Configuration.20:50:58.927 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper -- Using ContextCustomizers for test class [MemberServiceIntegrationTest]: [DisableObservabilityContextCustomizer, PropertyMappingContextCustomizer, Customizer, ExcludeFilterContextCustomizer, DuplicateJsonObjectContextCustomizer, MockitoContextCustomizer, TestRestTemplateContextCustomizer]20:50:58.959 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.context.annotation.ClassPathScanningCandidateComponentProvider -- Identified candidate component class: file [/Users/anshinyoung/study/hello-spring/out/production/classes/hello/hellospring/HelloSpringApplication.class]20:50:58.960 [main] INFO org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper -- Found @SpringBootConfiguration hello.hellospring.HelloSpringApplication for test class hello.hellospring.service.MemberServiceIntegrationTest20:50:58.998 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.test.context.util.TestContextSpringFactoriesUtils -- Could not load TestExecutionListener [org.springframework.test.context.observation.MicrometerObservationRegistryTestExecutionListener]. Specify custom TestExecutionListener classes or make the default TestExecutionListener classes available.java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError: null at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method) at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.java:77) at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.java:45) at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstanceWithCaller(Constructor.java:499) at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Constructor.java:480) at org.springframework.core.io.support.SpringFactoriesLoader$FactoryInstantiator.instantiate(SpringFactoriesLoader.java:382) at org.springframework.core.io.support.SpringFactoriesLoader.instantiateFactory(SpringFactoriesLoader.java:228) at org.springframework.core.io.support.SpringFactoriesLoader.load(SpringFactoriesLoader.java:206) at org.springframework.core.io.support.SpringFactoriesLoader.load(SpringFactoriesLoader.java:178) at org.springframework.test.context.util.TestContextSpringFactoriesUtils.loadFactoryImplementations(TestContextSpringFactoriesUtils.java:71) at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.getDefaultTestExecutionListeners(AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.java:198) at org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper.getDefaultTestExecutionListeners(SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper.java:128) at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.getTestExecutionListeners(AbstractTestContextBootstrapper.java:128) at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.<init>(TestContextManager.java:131) at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.<init>(TestContextManager.java:113) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ExtensionValuesStore.lambda$getOrComputeIfAbsent$4(ExtensionValuesStore.java:86) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ExtensionValuesStore$MemoizingSupplier.computeValue(ExtensionValuesStore.java:223) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ExtensionValuesStore$MemoizingSupplier.get(ExtensionValuesStore.java:211) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ExtensionValuesStore$StoredValue.evaluate(ExtensionValuesStore.java:191) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ExtensionValuesStore$StoredValue.access$100(ExtensionValuesStore.java:171) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ExtensionValuesStore.getOrComputeIfAbsent(ExtensionValuesStore.java:89) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.ExtensionValuesStore.getOrComputeIfAbsent(ExtensionValuesStore.java:93) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.execution.NamespaceAwareStore.getOrComputeIfAbsent(NamespaceAwareStore.java:61) at org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringExtension.getTestContextManager(SpringExtension.java:294) at org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringExtension.beforeAll(SpringExtension.java:113) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.lambda$invokeBeforeAllCallbacks$12(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:395) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.invokeBeforeAllCallbacks(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:395) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.before(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:211) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.ClassBasedTestDescriptor.before(ClassBasedTestDescriptor.java:84) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$6(NodeTestTask.java:148) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$8(NodeTestTask.java:141) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.Node.around(Node.java:137) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$9(NodeTestTask.java:139) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.executeRecursively(NodeTestTask.java:138) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:95) at java.base/java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1511) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.invokeAll(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:41) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$6(NodeTestTask.java:155) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$8(NodeTestTask.java:141) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.Node.around(Node.java:137) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$9(NodeTestTask.java:139) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.executeRecursively(NodeTestTask.java:138) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:95) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.submit(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:35) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.HierarchicalTestExecutor.execute(HierarchicalTestExecutor.java:57) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.HierarchicalTestEngine.execute(HierarchicalTestEngine.java:54) at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.execute(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:147) at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.execute(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:127) at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.execute(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:90) at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.lambda$execute$0(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:55) at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.withInterceptedStreams(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:102) at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.execute(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:54) at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:114) at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:86) at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncherSession$DelegatingLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncherSession.java:86) at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.SessionPerRequestLauncher.execute(SessionPerRequestLauncher.java:53) at com.intellij.junit5.JUnit5IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit5IdeaTestRunner.java:57) at com.intellij.rt.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater$1.execute(IdeaTestRunner.java:38) at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.TestsRepeater.repeat(TestsRepeater.java:11) at com.intellij.rt.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:35) at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:232) at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:55)Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: MicrometerObservationRegistryTestExecutionListener requires micrometer-observation 1.10.8 or higher at org.springframework.test.context.observation.MicrometerObservationRegistryTestExecutionListener.<clinit>(MicrometerObservationRegistryTestExecutionListener.java:80) ... 67 common frames omittedCaused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: io/micrometer/context/ThreadLocalAccessor at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method) at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:1012) at java.base/java.security.SecureClassLoader.defineClass(SecureClassLoader.java:150) at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader.defineClass(BuiltinClassLoader.java:862) at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader.findClassOnClassPathOrNull(BuiltinClassLoader.java:760) at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader.loadClassOrNull(BuiltinClassLoader.java:681) at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader.loadClass(BuiltinClassLoader.java:639) at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.ClassLoaders$AppClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoaders.java:188) at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:520) at java.base/java.lang.Class.forName0(Native Method) at java.base/java.lang.Class.forName(Class.java:467) at org.springframework.test.context.observation.MicrometerObservationRegistryTestExecutionListener.<clinit>(MicrometerObservationRegistryTestExecutionListener.java:76) ... 67 common frames omittedCaused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: io.micrometer.context.ThreadLocalAccessor at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader.loadClass(BuiltinClassLoader.java:641) at java.base/jdk.internal.loader.ClassLoaders$AppClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoaders.java:188) at java.base/java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:520) ... 79 common frames omitted20:50:59.002 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper -- Using TestExecutionListeners for test class [MemberServiceIntegrationTest]: [ServletTestExecutionListener, DirtiesContextBeforeModesTestExecutionListener, ApplicationEventsTestExecutionListener, MockitoTestExecutionListener, DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener, DirtiesContextTestExecutionListener, TransactionalTestExecutionListener, SqlScriptsTestExecutionListener, EventPublishingTestExecutionListener, RestDocsTestExecutionListener, MockRestServiceServerResetTestExecutionListener, MockMvcPrintOnlyOnFailureTestExecutionListener, WebDriverTestExecutionListener, MockWebServiceServerTestExecutionListener, ResetMocksTestExecutionListener]20:50:59.002 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.test.context.support.DirtiesContextBeforeModesTestExecutionListener -- Before test class: class [MemberServiceIntegrationTest], class annotated with @DirtiesContext [false] with mode [null] . ____ _ /\\ / ___'_ __ (_)_ _ \ \ \ \( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \ \\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) ) ' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / / =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/ :: Spring Boot :: (v3.0.8)2023-06-27T20:50:59.103+09:00 INFO 15106 --- [ main] h.h.s.MemberServiceIntegrationTest : Starting MemberServiceIntegrationTest using Java 17.0.7 with PID 15106 (started by anshinyoung in /Users/anshinyoung/study/hello-spring)2023-06-27T20:50:59.103+09:00 INFO 15106 --- [ main] h.h.s.MemberServiceIntegrationTest : No active profile set, falling back to 1 default profile: "default"2023-06-27T20:50:59.502+09:00 INFO 15106 --- [ main] o.s.b.a.w.s.WelcomePageHandlerMapping : Adding welcome page: class path resource [static/index.html]2023-06-27T20:50:59.579+09:00 INFO 15106 --- [ main] h.h.s.MemberServiceIntegrationTest : Started MemberServiceIntegrationTest in 0.562 seconds (process running for 0.914)2023-06-27T20:50:59.589+09:00 INFO 15106 --- [ main] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource : HikariPool-1 - Starting...2023-06-27T20:51:01.663+09:00 ERROR 15106 --- [ main] com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.HikariPool : HikariPool-1 - Exception during pool initialization.org.h2.jdbc.JdbcSQLInvalidAuthorizationSpecException: Wrong user name or password [28000-214] at org.h2.message.DbException.getJdbcSQLException(DbException.java:510) ~[h2-2.1.214.jar:2.1.214] at org.h2.engine.SessionRemote.readException(SessionRemote.java:637) ~[h2-2.1.214.jar:2.1.214] at org.h2.engine.SessionRemote.done(SessionRemote.java:606) ~[h2-2.1.214.jar:2.1.214] at org.h2.engine.SessionRemote.initTransfer(SessionRemote.java:163) ~[h2-2.1.214.jar:2.1.214] at org.h2.engine.SessionRemote.connectServer(SessionRemote.java:433) ~[h2-2.1.214.jar:2.1.214] at org.h2.engine.SessionRemote.connectEmbeddedOrServer(SessionRemote.java:325) ~[h2-2.1.214.jar:2.1.214] at org.h2.jdbc.JdbcConnection.<init>(JdbcConnection.java:122) ~[h2-2.1.214.jar:2.1.214] at org.h2.Driver.connect(Driver.java:59) ~[h2-2.1.214.jar:2.1.214] at com.zaxxer.hikari.util.DriverDataSource.getConnection(DriverDataSource.java:138) ~[HikariCP-5.0.1.jar:na] at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.PoolBase.newConnection(PoolBase.java:359) ~[HikariCP-5.0.1.jar:na] at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.PoolBase.newPoolEntry(PoolBase.java:201) ~[HikariCP-5.0.1.jar:na] at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.HikariPool.createPoolEntry(HikariPool.java:470) ~[HikariCP-5.0.1.jar:na] at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.HikariPool.checkFailFast(HikariPool.java:561) ~[HikariCP-5.0.1.jar:na] at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.HikariPool.<init>(HikariPool.java:100) ~[HikariCP-5.0.1.jar:na] at com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource.getConnection(HikariDataSource.java:112) ~[HikariCP-5.0.1.jar:na] at org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager.doBegin(DataSourceTransactionManager.java:269) ~[spring-jdbc-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10] at org.springframework.transaction.support.AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.startTransaction(AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.java:400) ~[spring-tx-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10] at org.springframework.transaction.support.AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.getTransaction(AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.java:373) ~[spring-tx-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10] at org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionContext.startTransaction(TransactionContext.java:103) ~[spring-test-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10] at org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionalTestExecutionListener.beforeTestMethod(TransactionalTestExecutionListener.java:235) ~[spring-test-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10] at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.beforeTestMethod(TestContextManager.java:288) ~[spring-test-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10] at org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringExtension.beforeEach(SpringExtension.java:174) ~[spring-test-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10] at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.lambda$invokeBeforeEachCallbacks$2(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:166) ~[junit-jupiter-engine-5.9.3.jar:5.9.3] at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.lambda$invokeBeforeMethodsOrCallbacksUntilExceptionOccurs$6(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:202) ~[junit-jupiter-engine-5.9.3.jar:5.9.3] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.invokeBeforeMethodsOrCallbacksUntilExceptionOccurs(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:202) ~[junit-jupiter-engine-5.9.3.jar:5.9.3] at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.invokeBeforeEachCallbacks(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:165) ~[junit-jupiter-engine-5.9.3.jar:5.9.3] at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.execute(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:132) ~[junit-jupiter-engine-5.9.3.jar:5.9.3] at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.execute(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:68) ~[junit-jupiter-engine-5.9.3.jar:5.9.3] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$6(NodeTestTask.java:151) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$8(NodeTestTask.java:141) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.Node.around(Node.java:137) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$9(NodeTestTask.java:139) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.executeRecursively(NodeTestTask.java:138) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:95) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at java.base/java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1511) ~[na:na] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.invokeAll(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:41) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$6(NodeTestTask.java:155) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$8(NodeTestTask.java:141) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.Node.around(Node.java:137) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$9(NodeTestTask.java:139) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.executeRecursively(NodeTestTask.java:138) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:95) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at java.base/java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1511) ~[na:na] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.invokeAll(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:41) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$6(NodeTestTask.java:155) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$8(NodeTestTask.java:141) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.Node.around(Node.java:137) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$9(NodeTestTask.java:139) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.executeRecursively(NodeTestTask.java:138) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:95) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.submit(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:35) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.HierarchicalTestExecutor.execute(HierarchicalTestExecutor.java:57) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.HierarchicalTestEngine.execute(HierarchicalTestEngine.java:54) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.execute(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:147) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.execute(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:127) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.execute(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:90) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.lambda$execute$0(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:55) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.withInterceptedStreams(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:102) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.execute(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:54) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:114) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:86) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncherSession$DelegatingLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncherSession.java:86) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.SessionPerRequestLauncher.execute(SessionPerRequestLauncher.java:53) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at com.intellij.junit5.JUnit5IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit5IdeaTestRunner.java:57) ~[junit5-rt.jar:na] at com.intellij.rt.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater$1.execute(IdeaTestRunner.java:38) ~[junit-rt.jar:na] at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.TestsRepeater.repeat(TestsRepeater.java:11) ~[idea_rt.jar:na] at com.intellij.rt.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:35) ~[junit-rt.jar:na] at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:232) ~[junit-rt.jar:na] at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:55) ~[junit-rt.jar:na]2023-06-27T20:51:01.672+09:00 WARN 15106 --- [ main] o.s.test.context.TestContextManager : Caught exception while invoking 'beforeTestMethod' callback on TestExecutionListener [org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionalTestExecutionListener] for test method [public void hello.hellospring.service.MemberServiceIntegrationTest.회원가입() throws java.lang.Exception] and test instance [hello.hellospring.service.MemberServiceIntegrationTest@67536ae0]org.springframework.transaction.CannotCreateTransactionException: Could not open JDBC Connection for transaction at org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager.doBegin(DataSourceTransactionManager.java:313) ~[spring-jdbc-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10] at org.springframework.transaction.support.AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.startTransaction(AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.java:400) ~[spring-tx-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10] at org.springframework.transaction.support.AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.getTransaction(AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.java:373) ~[spring-tx-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10] at org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionContext.startTransaction(TransactionContext.java:103) ~[spring-test-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10] at org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionalTestExecutionListener.beforeTestMethod(TransactionalTestExecutionListener.java:235) ~[spring-test-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10] at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.beforeTestMethod(TestContextManager.java:288) ~[spring-test-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10] at org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringExtension.beforeEach(SpringExtension.java:174) ~[spring-test-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10] at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.lambda$invokeBeforeEachCallbacks$2(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:166) ~[junit-jupiter-engine-5.9.3.jar:5.9.3] at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.lambda$invokeBeforeMethodsOrCallbacksUntilExceptionOccurs$6(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:202) ~[junit-jupiter-engine-5.9.3.jar:5.9.3] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.invokeBeforeMethodsOrCallbacksUntilExceptionOccurs(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:202) ~[junit-jupiter-engine-5.9.3.jar:5.9.3] at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.invokeBeforeEachCallbacks(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:165) ~[junit-jupiter-engine-5.9.3.jar:5.9.3] at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.execute(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:132) ~[junit-jupiter-engine-5.9.3.jar:5.9.3] at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.execute(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:68) ~[junit-jupiter-engine-5.9.3.jar:5.9.3] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$6(NodeTestTask.java:151) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$8(NodeTestTask.java:141) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.Node.around(Node.java:137) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$9(NodeTestTask.java:139) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.executeRecursively(NodeTestTask.java:138) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:95) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at java.base/java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1511) ~[na:na] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.invokeAll(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:41) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$6(NodeTestTask.java:155) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$8(NodeTestTask.java:141) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.Node.around(Node.java:137) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$9(NodeTestTask.java:139) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.executeRecursively(NodeTestTask.java:138) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:95) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at java.base/java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1511) ~[na:na] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.invokeAll(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:41) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$6(NodeTestTask.java:155) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$8(NodeTestTask.java:141) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.Node.around(Node.java:137) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$9(NodeTestTask.java:139) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.executeRecursively(NodeTestTask.java:138) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:95) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.submit(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:35) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.HierarchicalTestExecutor.execute(HierarchicalTestExecutor.java:57) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.HierarchicalTestEngine.execute(HierarchicalTestEngine.java:54) ~[junit-platform-engine-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.execute(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:147) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.execute(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:127) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.execute(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:90) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.lambda$execute$0(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:55) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.withInterceptedStreams(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:102) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.execute(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:54) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:114) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:86) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncherSession$DelegatingLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncherSession.java:86) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.SessionPerRequestLauncher.execute(SessionPerRequestLauncher.java:53) ~[junit-platform-launcher-1.9.3.jar:1.9.3] at com.intellij.junit5.JUnit5IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit5IdeaTestRunner.java:57) ~[junit5-rt.jar:na] at com.intellij.rt.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater$1.execute(IdeaTestRunner.java:38) ~[junit-rt.jar:na] at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.TestsRepeater.repeat(TestsRepeater.java:11) ~[idea_rt.jar:na] at com.intellij.rt.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:35) ~[junit-rt.jar:na] at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:232) ~[junit-rt.jar:na] at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:55) ~[junit-rt.jar:na]Caused by: org.h2.jdbc.JdbcSQLInvalidAuthorizationSpecException: Wrong user name or password [28000-214] at org.h2.message.DbException.getJdbcSQLException(DbException.java:510) ~[h2-2.1.214.jar:2.1.214] at org.h2.engine.SessionRemote.readException(SessionRemote.java:637) ~[h2-2.1.214.jar:2.1.214] at org.h2.engine.SessionRemote.done(SessionRemote.java:606) ~[h2-2.1.214.jar:2.1.214] at org.h2.engine.SessionRemote.initTransfer(SessionRemote.java:163) ~[h2-2.1.214.jar:2.1.214] at org.h2.engine.SessionRemote.connectServer(SessionRemote.java:433) ~[h2-2.1.214.jar:2.1.214] at org.h2.engine.SessionRemote.connectEmbeddedOrServer(SessionRemote.java:325) ~[h2-2.1.214.jar:2.1.214] at org.h2.jdbc.JdbcConnection.<init>(JdbcConnection.java:122) ~[h2-2.1.214.jar:2.1.214] at org.h2.Driver.connect(Driver.java:59) ~[h2-2.1.214.jar:2.1.214] at com.zaxxer.hikari.util.DriverDataSource.getConnection(DriverDataSource.java:138) ~[HikariCP-5.0.1.jar:na] at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.PoolBase.newConnection(PoolBase.java:359) ~[HikariCP-5.0.1.jar:na] at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.PoolBase.newPoolEntry(PoolBase.java:201) ~[HikariCP-5.0.1.jar:na] at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.HikariPool.createPoolEntry(HikariPool.java:470) ~[HikariCP-5.0.1.jar:na] at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.HikariPool.checkFailFast(HikariPool.java:561) ~[HikariCP-5.0.1.jar:na] at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.HikariPool.<init>(HikariPool.java:100) ~[HikariCP-5.0.1.jar:na] at com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource.getConnection(HikariDataSource.java:112) ~[HikariCP-5.0.1.jar:na] at org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager.doBegin(DataSourceTransactionManager.java:269) ~[spring-jdbc-6.0.10.jar:6.0.10] ... 60 common frames omittedorg.springframework.transaction.CannotCreateTransactionException: Could not open JDBC Connection for transaction at org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager.doBegin(DataSourceTransactionManager.java:313) at org.springframework.transaction.support.AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.startTransaction(AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.java:400) at org.springframework.transaction.support.AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.getTransaction(AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.java:373) at org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionContext.startTransaction(TransactionContext.java:103) at org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionalTestExecutionListener.beforeTestMethod(TransactionalTestExecutionListener.java:235) at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.beforeTestMethod(TestContextManager.java:288) at org.springframework.test.context.junit.jupiter.SpringExtension.beforeEach(SpringExtension.java:174) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.lambda$invokeBeforeEachCallbacks$2(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:166) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.lambda$invokeBeforeMethodsOrCallbacksUntilExceptionOccurs$6(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:202) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.invokeBeforeMethodsOrCallbacksUntilExceptionOccurs(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:202) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.invokeBeforeEachCallbacks(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:165) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.execute(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:132) at org.junit.jupiter.engine.descriptor.TestMethodTestDescriptor.execute(TestMethodTestDescriptor.java:68) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$6(NodeTestTask.java:151) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$8(NodeTestTask.java:141) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.Node.around(Node.java:137) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$9(NodeTestTask.java:139) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.executeRecursively(NodeTestTask.java:138) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:95) at java.base/java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1511) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.invokeAll(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:41) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$6(NodeTestTask.java:155) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$8(NodeTestTask.java:141) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.Node.around(Node.java:137) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$9(NodeTestTask.java:139) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.executeRecursively(NodeTestTask.java:138) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:95) at java.base/java.util.ArrayList.forEach(ArrayList.java:1511) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.invokeAll(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:41) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$6(NodeTestTask.java:155) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$8(NodeTestTask.java:141) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.Node.around(Node.java:137) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.lambda$executeRecursively$9(NodeTestTask.java:139) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.ThrowableCollector.execute(ThrowableCollector.java:73) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.executeRecursively(NodeTestTask.java:138) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.NodeTestTask.execute(NodeTestTask.java:95) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.submit(SameThreadHierarchicalTestExecutorService.java:35) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.HierarchicalTestExecutor.execute(HierarchicalTestExecutor.java:57) at org.junit.platform.engine.support.hierarchical.HierarchicalTestEngine.execute(HierarchicalTestEngine.java:54) at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.execute(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:147) at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.execute(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:127) at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.execute(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:90) at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.lambda$execute$0(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:55) at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.withInterceptedStreams(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:102) at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.EngineExecutionOrchestrator.execute(EngineExecutionOrchestrator.java:54) at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:114) at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncher.java:86) at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.DefaultLauncherSession$DelegatingLauncher.execute(DefaultLauncherSession.java:86) at org.junit.platform.launcher.core.SessionPerRequestLauncher.execute(SessionPerRequestLauncher.java:53) at com.intellij.junit5.JUnit5IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit5IdeaTestRunner.java:57) at com.intellij.rt.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater$1.execute(IdeaTestRunner.java:38) at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.TestsRepeater.repeat(TestsRepeater.java:11) at com.intellij.rt.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:35) at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:232) at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:55)Caused by: org.h2.jdbc.JdbcSQLInvalidAuthorizationSpecException: Wrong user name or password [28000-200] at org.h2.message.DbException.getJdbcSQLException(DbException.java:461) at org.h2.message.DbException.getJdbcSQLException(DbException.java:429) at org.h2.message.DbException.get(DbException.java:205) at org.h2.message.DbException.get(DbException.java:181) at org.h2.message.DbException.get(DbException.java:170) at org.h2.engine.Engine.validateUserAndPassword(Engine.java:357) at org.h2.engine.Engine.createSessionAndValidate(Engine.java:176) at org.h2.engine.Engine.createSession(Engine.java:166) at org.h2.server.TcpServerThread.run(TcpServerThread.java:168) at java.base/java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:1583) at org.h2.message.DbException.getJdbcSQLException(DbException.java:510) at org.h2.engine.SessionRemote.readException(SessionRemote.java:637) at org.h2.engine.SessionRemote.done(SessionRemote.java:606) at org.h2.engine.SessionRemote.initTransfer(SessionRemote.java:163) at org.h2.engine.SessionRemote.connectServer(SessionRemote.java:433) at org.h2.engine.SessionRemote.connectEmbeddedOrServer(SessionRemote.java:325) at org.h2.jdbc.JdbcConnection.<init>(JdbcConnection.java:122) at org.h2.Driver.connect(Driver.java:59) at com.zaxxer.hikari.util.DriverDataSource.getConnection(DriverDataSource.java:138) at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.PoolBase.newConnection(PoolBase.java:359) at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.PoolBase.newPoolEntry(PoolBase.java:201) at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.HikariPool.createPoolEntry(HikariPool.java:470) at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.HikariPool.checkFailFast(HikariPool.java:561) at com.zaxxer.hikari.pool.HikariPool.<init>(HikariPool.java:100) at com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource.getConnection(HikariDataSource.java:112) at org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager.doBegin(DataSourceTransactionManager.java:269) ... 60 moreProcess finished with exit code 255강의 내용도 따라하고 h2도 버전을 맞췄는데 왜 jdbc연동이 안된다고 뜰까요? 해결방법이 뭘까요?

Where 절에서 is 또는 = 을 쓰는 기준과 뒤에 나오는 내용에도 언제 ' ' 를 쓰는지 정확하게 구분해주실 수 있으실까요?

노션 보고 따라 했는데 이런식의 에러가 나와요 ......ㅠ

리스트는 여러가지 데이터 타입을 담을 수 있다고 하셨고 0:28에서는 리스트를 다른 언어에서는 배열이라고 한다고 하셨어요.그런데 엄밀히 따지면 배열은 여러 자료형을 담을 수 없으니까 배열과는 다른 거 아닌가요?

exports.apiLimiter = async (req, res, next) => { let user; if (res.locals.decoded) { user = await User.findOne({ where: { id: res.locals.decoded.id } }); } rateLimit({ widowMs: 60 * 1000, max: user?.type === "premium" ? 10 : 1, handler(req, res) { res.status(this.statusCode).json({ code: this.statusCode, message: "1분에 열 번만 요청 할 수 있습니다...", }); }, })(req, res, next); }; Api 프리미엄고객만 1분에 열번만요청할수있게 미들웨어 확장패턴으로만들었습니다 그런데 localhost:4000/myposts 접속해서 10 번이상새로고침해도 api가 제한이 안되고 제가작성한 게시글 목록만 뜹니다

영상대로 변수, 트리거, 태그까지 설정해서 미리보기 했는데 'GA4_비회원구매버튼클릭'이 Tags Not Fired에서 Tags Fired로 이동하지 않습니다ㅠㅠ GA4 이벤트 상에서도 찍히는 게 없고요. 어떤 부분을 확인해야 할까요?

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="ko"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title>A타입</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style.css"> </head> <body> <div class="container"> <header> <div class="header-logo"></div> <div class="navi"> <ul class="menu"> <li> <a href="#none">sub-menu1</a> <div class="sub-menu"> <a href="#none">sub-menu1</a> <a href="#none">sub-menu1</a> <a href="#none">sub-menu1</a> <a href="#none">sub-menu1</a> </div> </li> <li> <a href="#none">sub-menu2</a> <div class="sub-menu"> <a href="#none">sub-menu2</a> <a href="#none">sub-menu2</a> <a href="#none">sub-menu2</a> <a href="#none">sub-menu2</a> </div> </li> <li> <a href="#none">sub-menu3</a> <div class="sub-menu"> <a href="#none">sub-menu3</a> <a href="#none">sub-menu3</a> <a href="#none">sub-menu3</a> <a href="#none">sub-menu3</a> </div> </li> <li> <a href="#none">sub-menu4</a> <div class="sub-menu"> <a href="#none">sub-menu4</a> <a href="#none">sub-menu4</a> <a href="#none">sub-menu4</a> <a href="#none">sub-menu4</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </header> <div class="slide"> <div> <a href="#none"><img src="images/slide-01.jpg" alt=""></a> <a href="#none"><img src="images/slide-02.jpg" alt=""></a> <a href="#none"><img src="images/slide-03.jpg" alt=""></a> </div> </div> <div class="items"> <div class="news"> <div class="tab-inner"> <div class="btn"> <a href="#none">공지사항</a> </div> <div class="tab1"> <a class="open-modal" href="#none"><em>공지사항공지사항공지사항공지사항공지사항</em> <b>2023.05.05</b></a> <a href="#none"><em>공지사항공지사항공지사항공지사항공지사항</em> <b>2023.05.05</b></a> <a href="#none"><em>공지사항공지사항공지사항공지사항공지사항</em> <b>2023.05.05</b></a> <a href="#none"><em>공지사항공지사항공지사항공지사항공지사항</em> <b>2023.05.05</b></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="gallery"> <div class="btn"> 갤러리 </div> <div class="tab2"> <a href="#none"><img src="images/gallery-01.jpg" alt=""></a> <a href="#none"><img src="images/gallery-02.jpg" alt=""></a> <a href="#none"><img src="images/gallery-03.jpg" alt=""></a> </div> </div> <div class="shortcut"></div> </div> <footer> <div class="footer-logo"></div> <div class="copyright"></div> <div class="sns"></div> </footer> </div> <div class="modal"> <div class="modal-content"> <h2>스트리밍 서버 이전으로 서비스 장애</h2> <p>위 내용을 보시면 제법 큰 작업이었음을 알 수 있습니다. <br> 특히 문자셋의 변경에 따라 기존의 DB, data, 웹사이트 솔루션 등의 커스트마이징 등에 상당한 어려움이 있었고, <br> 이에 따른 일부 접속 오류가 있을 수 있었음에 양해를 구합니다.<br> 특히 인터넷익스플로러 11로 접속하셨을 경우 일부 문제은행 목차가 출력되지 않았을 수도 있습니다.<br><br> 서버 이전 작업으로 고객님들께 불편을 드려서 대단히 죄송합니다. 정상 운영되도록 최선을 다하겠습니다. 감사합니다.<br> </p> <a class="close-modal" href="#none">닫기</a> </div> </div> <script src="script/jquery-1.12.4.js"></script> <script src="script/custom.js"></script> </body> </html> @charset "utf-8"; body { color: #000; font-size:15px; background-color: #fff; margin:0; } a { text-decoration: none; color:inherit; } .container {width :1200px; border:1px solid #000; margin:auto;} header {height:100px; border:1px solid red; position:relative;} .slide {height:300px;} .items {height:250px;} footer {height:100px;} /* header */ header > div { height:100px; } .header-logo { border:1px solid #000; width:200px; float:left; } .navi { /* border:1px solid #000; */ width:600px; float:right; margin-right:20px; margin-top:55px; } .menu { } .menu li { list-style: none; float:left; width:25%; } .menu li > a { display: block; padding:5px; background-color: #fff; text-align: center; } .menu li:hover > a { background-color: #000; color: #fff; } .sub-menu { display: none; } .sub-menu a { display:block; padding:5px; background-color: #fff; text-align: center; } .sub-menu a:hover { background-color: #000; color:#fff; } /* slide */ .slide { position:relative; overflow:hidden; } .slide > div { font-size: 0; width:3600px; position:absolute; top:0; left:0; float: left; animation:slide 10s linear infinite; } @keyframes slide { 0% {left:0;} 30% {left:0;} 35% {left:-1200px;} 65% {left:-1200px;} 70% {left:-2400px;} 95% {left:-2400px;} 100% {left:0;} } /* items */ .items > div { height:250px; float:left; box-sizing: border-box; } .news { width:400px; border:1px solid #000; } .btn { display: inline-block; padding:5px; border: 1px solid #000; width:100px; text-align: center; } .tab1 {} .tab1 a {display:block; padding:5px;} .tab1 a em { width:70%; float:left; font-style:normal; white-space:nowrap; text-overflow:ellipsis; overflow:hidden; } .tab1 a b { width:30%; float:right; } .gallery { width:400px; border:1px solid red; } .tab2 { text-align: center; } .tab2 a {} .tab2 img { width:120px; } .shortcut { width:400px; border:1px solid green; } /* footer */ footer > div { height:100px; float:left; box-sizing:border-box; } .footer-logo { width:200px; background-color: #000; } .copyright { width:800px; background-color: aqua; } .sns { width:200px; background-color: green; } /* modal */ .modal{ position:absolute; top:0; left:0; background-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5); width:100%; height:100%; display: none; } .modal-content { position:absolute; top:50%; left:50%; transform: translate(-50%,-50%); background-color: #fff; height:350px; } .modal-content a { display: block; padding:20px; float:right; border:1px solid #000; } 이미지슬라이드가 1200*300 이 아니라정사각형으로 나오는데 원인을 모르겠어서 문의합니다^^;;

클래스 B 선언 부분에서, 생성자 선언후 빈{}는 무슨 용도인가요?? 아래 코드에서 17째줄 {} 입니다 #include <iostream>#include <string>#include <array>#include <limits>#include <vector>#include <algorithm>using namespace std;class B {private: int m_b;public: B(const int& m_b_in) : m_b(m_b_in) {}};class Something {private: int m_i; double m_d; char m_c; int m_arr[5]; B m_b;public: Something() : m_i(1), m_d(3.14), m_c('a'), m_arr{ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }, m_b(m_i-1) // 이게 member initializer. 물론 여기서 초기화 하고 20-22줄에서 다시 오버라이드도 가능 //m_i{1}, m_d{3.14}, m_c{'a'}로 하면 형변환이 안됨. 좀 더 엄격함. 자동으로 캐스팅이 안됨. { m_i = 2; m_d = 3.15; m_c = 'b'; } void print() { cout << m_i << " " << m_d << " " << m_c << " "; for (auto& e : m_arr) cout << e << " "; cout << endl; }};int main() { Something Some; Some.print(); return 0;}

영상7분쯤에서 "저런게 걸린다고"하셨는데,클래스레벨에 @Responsebody붙어있으면 괜찮은거 아닌가요?!?

cdn 방식으로 cropper를 사용하는 중이고요. 자바스크립트를 여러번 검토 하였음에도 프로필 사진 변경 문제는 끝까지 해결되지 않았습니다.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k330LVo2yw8setting.profile.html<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org" xmlns:sec="http://thymeleaf.org/extras/spring-security"> <head th:fragment="head"> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>StudyOlle</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@4.4.1/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-Vkoo8x4CGsO3+Hhxv8T/Q5PaXtkKtu6ug5TOeNV6gBiFeWPGFN9MuhOf23Q9Ifjh" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css"> <script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.4.1.slim.min.js" integrity="sha384-J6qa4849blE2+poT4WnyKhv5vZF5SrPo0iEjwBvKU7imGFAV0wwj1yYfoRSJoZ+n" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/popper.js@1.16.0/dist/umd/popper.min.js" integrity="sha384-Q6E9RHvbIyZFJoft+2mJbHaEWldlvI9IOYy5n3zV9zzTtmI3UksdQRVvoxMfooAo" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@4.4.1/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-wfSDF2E50Y2D1uUdj0O3uMBJnjuUD4Ih7YwaYd1iqfktj0Uod8GCExl3Og8ifwB6" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/jdenticon@3.2.0/dist/jdenticon.min.js" async integrity="sha384-yBhgDqxM50qJV5JPdayci8wCfooqvhFYbIKhv0hTtLvfeeyJMJCscRfFNKIxt43M" crossorigin="anonymous"> </script> <style> .container{ max-width:100%; } </style> </head> <nav th:fragment="main-nav" class="navbar navbar-expand-sm navbar-dark bg-dark"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="/" th:href="@{/}"> <img src="/images/logo_sm.png" width="30" height="30"> </a> <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarSupportedContent" aria-controls="navbarSupportedContent" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarSupportedContent"> <ul class="navbar-nav mr-auto"> <li class="nav-item"> <form th:action="@{/search/study}" class="form-inline" method="get"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" name="keyword" type="search" placeholder="스터디 찾기" aria-label="Search"> </form> </li> </ul> <ul class="navbar-nav justify-content-end"> <li class="nav-item" sec:authorize="isAnonymous()"> <a class="nav-link" th:href="@{/login}">로그인</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" sec:authorize="isAnonymous()"> <a class="nav-link" th:href="@{/sign-up}">가입</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" sec:authorize="isAuthenticated()"> <a class="nav-link" th:href="@{/notifications}"> <i class="fa fa-bell-o" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a> </li> <li class="nav-item" sec:authorize="isAuthenticated()"> <a class="nav-link btn btn-outline-primary" th:href="@{/notifications}"> <i class="fa fa-plus" aria-hidden="true"></i> 모임 개설 </a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown" sec:authorize="isAuthenticated()"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="userDropdown" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> <svg th:if="${#strings.isEmpty(account?.profileImage)}" th:data-jdenticon-value="${#authentication.name}" width="24" height="24" class="rounded border bg-light"></svg> <img th:if="${!#strings.isEmpty(account?.profileImage)}" th:src="${account.profileImage}" width="24" height="24" class="rounded border"/> </a> <div class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-sm-right" aria-labelledby="userDropdown"> <h6 class="dropdown-header"> <span sec:authentication="name">Username</span> </h6> <a class="dropdown-item" th:href="@{'/profile/' + ${#authentication.name}}">프로필</a> <a class="dropdown-item" >스터디</a> <div class="dropdown-divider"></div> <a class="dropdown-item" href="#" th:href="@{'/settings/profile'}">설정</a> <form class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0" action="#" th:action="@{/logout}" method="post"> <button class="dropdown-item" type="submit">로그아웃</button> </form> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> <footer th:fragment="footer"> <div class="row justify-content-center"> <img class="mb-2" src="/images/logo_lang_kr.jpg" alt="" width="100"> <small class="d-block mb-3 text-muted">&copy; 2023</small> </div> </footer> <div th:fragment="settings-menu (currentMenu)" class="list-group"> <a class="list-group-item list-group-item-action" th:classappend="${currentMenu == 'profile'}? active" href="#" th:href="@{/settings/profile}">프로필</a> <a class="list-group-item list-group-item-action" th:classappend="${currentMenu == 'password'}? active" href="#" th:href="@{/settings/password}">비밀번호</a> <a class="list-group-item list-group-item-action" th:classappend="${currentMenu == 'notification'}? active" href="#" th:href="@{/settings/notification}">알림</a> <a class="list-group-item list-group-item-action" th:classappend="${currentMenu == 'tags'}? active" href="#" th:href="@{/settings/tags}">관심 주제</a> <a class="list-group-item list-group-item-action" th:classappend="${currentMenu == 'zones'}? active" href="#" th:href="@{/settings/zones}">활동 지역</a> <a class="list-group-item list-group-item-action list-group-item-danger" th:classappend="${currentMenu == 'account'}? active" href="#" th:href="@{/settings/account}">계정</a> </div> <script type="application/javascript" th:fragment="form-validation"> (function () { 'use strict'; window.addEventListener('load', function () { // Fetch all the forms we want to apply custom Bootstrap validation styles to var forms = document.getElementsByClassName('needs-validation'); // Loop over them and prevent submission Array.prototype.filter.call(forms, function (form) { form.addEventListener('submit', function (event) { if (form.checkValidity() === false) { event.preventDefault(); event.stopPropagation(); } form.classList.add('was-validated') }, false) }) }, false) }()) </script> </html>fragments.html<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org" xmlns:sec="http://thymeleaf.org/extras/spring-security"> <head th:fragment="head"> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>StudyOlle</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@4.4.1/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" integrity="sha384-Vkoo8x4CGsO3+Hhxv8T/Q5PaXtkKtu6ug5TOeNV6gBiFeWPGFN9MuhOf23Q9Ifjh" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css"> <script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-3.4.1.slim.min.js" integrity="sha384-J6qa4849blE2+poT4WnyKhv5vZF5SrPo0iEjwBvKU7imGFAV0wwj1yYfoRSJoZ+n" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/popper.js@1.16.0/dist/umd/popper.min.js" integrity="sha384-Q6E9RHvbIyZFJoft+2mJbHaEWldlvI9IOYy5n3zV9zzTtmI3UksdQRVvoxMfooAo" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@4.4.1/dist/js/bootstrap.min.js" integrity="sha384-wfSDF2E50Y2D1uUdj0O3uMBJnjuUD4Ih7YwaYd1iqfktj0Uod8GCExl3Og8ifwB6" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/jdenticon@3.2.0/dist/jdenticon.min.js" async integrity="sha384-yBhgDqxM50qJV5JPdayci8wCfooqvhFYbIKhv0hTtLvfeeyJMJCscRfFNKIxt43M" crossorigin="anonymous"> </script> <style> .container{ max-width:100%; } </style> </head> <nav th:fragment="main-nav" class="navbar navbar-expand-sm navbar-dark bg-dark"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="/" th:href="@{/}"> <img src="/images/logo_sm.png" width="30" height="30"> </a> <button class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#navbarSupportedContent" aria-controls="navbarSupportedContent" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation"> <span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span> </button> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarSupportedContent"> <ul class="navbar-nav mr-auto"> <li class="nav-item"> <form th:action="@{/search/study}" class="form-inline" method="get"> <input class="form-control mr-sm-2" name="keyword" type="search" placeholder="스터디 찾기" aria-label="Search"> </form> </li> </ul> <ul class="navbar-nav justify-content-end"> <li class="nav-item" sec:authorize="isAnonymous()"> <a class="nav-link" th:href="@{/login}">로그인</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" sec:authorize="isAnonymous()"> <a class="nav-link" th:href="@{/sign-up}">가입</a> </li> <li class="nav-item" sec:authorize="isAuthenticated()"> <a class="nav-link" th:href="@{/notifications}"> <i class="fa fa-bell-o" aria-hidden="true"></i> </a> </li> <li class="nav-item" sec:authorize="isAuthenticated()"> <a class="nav-link btn btn-outline-primary" th:href="@{/notifications}"> <i class="fa fa-plus" aria-hidden="true"></i> 모임 개설 </a> </li> <li class="nav-item dropdown" sec:authorize="isAuthenticated()"> <a class="nav-link dropdown-toggle" href="#" id="userDropdown" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false"> <svg th:if="${#strings.isEmpty(account?.profileImage)}" th:data-jdenticon-value="${#authentication.name}" width="24" height="24" class="rounded border bg-light"></svg> <img th:if="${!#strings.isEmpty(account?.profileImage)}" th:src="${account.profileImage}" width="24" height="24" class="rounded border"/> </a> <div class="dropdown-menu dropdown-menu-sm-right" aria-labelledby="userDropdown"> <h6 class="dropdown-header"> <span sec:authentication="name">Username</span> </h6> <a class="dropdown-item" th:href="@{'/profile/' + ${#authentication.name}}">프로필</a> <a class="dropdown-item" >스터디</a> <div class="dropdown-divider"></div> <a class="dropdown-item" href="#" th:href="@{'/settings/profile'}">설정</a> <form class="form-inline my-2 my-lg-0" action="#" th:action="@{/logout}" method="post"> <button class="dropdown-item" type="submit">로그아웃</button> </form> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> <footer th:fragment="footer"> <div class="row justify-content-center"> <img class="mb-2" src="/images/logo_lang_kr.jpg" alt="" width="100"> <small class="d-block mb-3 text-muted">&copy; 2023</small> </div> </footer> <div th:fragment="settings-menu (currentMenu)" class="list-group"> <a class="list-group-item list-group-item-action" th:classappend="${currentMenu == 'profile'}? active" href="#" th:href="@{/settings/profile}">프로필</a> <a class="list-group-item list-group-item-action" th:classappend="${currentMenu == 'password'}? active" href="#" th:href="@{/settings/password}">비밀번호</a> <a class="list-group-item list-group-item-action" th:classappend="${currentMenu == 'notification'}? active" href="#" th:href="@{/settings/notification}">알림</a> <a class="list-group-item list-group-item-action" th:classappend="${currentMenu == 'tags'}? active" href="#" th:href="@{/settings/tags}">관심 주제</a> <a class="list-group-item list-group-item-action" th:classappend="${currentMenu == 'zones'}? active" href="#" th:href="@{/settings/zones}">활동 지역</a> <a class="list-group-item list-group-item-action list-group-item-danger" th:classappend="${currentMenu == 'account'}? active" href="#" th:href="@{/settings/account}">계정</a> </div> <script type="application/javascript" th:fragment="form-validation"> (function () { 'use strict'; window.addEventListener('load', function () { // Fetch all the forms we want to apply custom Bootstrap validation styles to var forms = document.getElementsByClassName('needs-validation'); // Loop over them and prevent submission Array.prototype.filter.call(forms, function (form) { form.addEventListener('submit', function (event) { if (form.checkValidity() === false) { event.preventDefault(); event.stopPropagation(); } form.classList.add('was-validated') }, false) }) }, false) }()) </script> </html>SettingsController.java@Controller @RequiredArgsConstructor public class SettingsController { final static String SETTING_PROFILE_VIEW_NAME="settings/profile"; final static String SETTING_PROFILE_URL="/settings/profile"; private final AccountService accountService; @GetMapping(SETTING_PROFILE_URL) public String profileUpdateForm(@CurrentUser Account account, Model model){ model.addAttribute(account); model.addAttribute(new Profile(account)); return SETTING_PROFILE_VIEW_NAME; } @PostMapping(SETTING_PROFILE_URL) public String updateProfile(@CurrentUser Account account, @Valid Profile profile, Errors errors, Model model, RedirectAttributes attributes){ if(errors.hasErrors()){ model.addAttribute(account); return SETTING_PROFILE_VIEW_NAME; } accountService.updateProfile(account, profile); attributes.addFlashAttribute("message","프로필을 수정했습니다."); return "redirect:"+SETTING_PROFILE_URL; } }AccountService.javapublic void updateProfile(Account account, Profile profile){ account.setUrl(profile.getUrl()); account.setBio(profile.getBio()); account.setOccupation(profile.getOccupation()); account.setLocation(profile.getLocation()); account.setProfileImage(profile.getProfileImage()); accountRepository.save(account); }Profile.java@Data @NoArgsConstructor public class Profile { @Length(max = 35) private String bio; @Length(max = 50) private String url; @Length(max = 50) private String occupation; @Length(max = 50) private String location; private String profileImage; public Profile(Account account){ this.bio=account.getBio(); this.url=account.getUrl(); this.occupation=account.getOccupation(); this.location=account.getLocation(); this.profileImage=account.getProfileImage(); } }

 ArrayList<Student> list = new ArrayList<>(); list.add(new Student("유재석", "파이썬")); list.add(new Student("박명수", "자바")); list.add(new Student("김종국", "자바")); list.add(new Student("조세호", "C")); list.add(new Student("서장훈", "파이썬"));안녕하세요 프로그래밍 입문 일주일차입니다..강의 볼때마다 어쩔땐 new를 붙일때 있고 어쩔땐 new를 안붙이고 할때가 있는데 new가 뭔가요..???강의를 보면서 할때는 이해가 가는데혼자서 해볼려고 하면 머리 속이 새하얘지는데 계속 하다보면 나아 질까요..??

파란 버튼을 이용해서 플러터 SDK를 다운로드 받았는데 flutter doctor을 실행해보니Flutter (the doctor check crashed)X Due to an error, the doctor check did not complete. If the error message below is not helpful, please let us knowabout this issue at https://github.com/flutter/flutter/issues.X Exception: Cannot find the executable for where. This can happen if the System32 folder (e.g.C:\Windows\System32 ) is removed from the PATH environment variable. Ensure that this is present and then tryagain after restarting the terminal and/or IDE.라는 오류가 뜹니다. 이건 어떻게 해결해야 하는건가요? 그리고 또 안드로이드 스튜디오에선 [!] Android Studio (version 2022.1) X Unable to find bundled Java version. 라는 오류가 뜨는데 해결을 어떻게 해야하나요?

컴파일 오류가 발생하여 수업질문 내용을 참고해 b _exit1 nop .space 1 ->작은 숫자로 낮췄습니다.하지만 여전히에러가 발생하는데 해결할 방법을 부탁드립니다.감사합니다.

안녕하세요 선생님 강의 매우 재밌게 듣고 있습니다.커리큘럼 3-3 숫자만 보내고 싶을 때를 수강 하고 난 후, 게시글은 1명의 유저가 1개의 좋아요를 보내고 이미 보냈다면 취소가 되어야 될 것 같다는 생각에 코드를 수정 하고 있었는데요.사실, 모델링 부분에서 건들지 않으면 위 사항은 자바스크립트의 로컬스토리지나 세션의 개념이 아니고서야 처리가 안될 것 같다는 생각이 드는데, 선생님은 어떻게 생각 하시나요?만약 모델링을 수정 하고, 위 기능을 고려 한다면 이렇게 접근 할 것 같습니다.좋아요 체크 여부 Boolean 필드 생성해당 게시글에 좋아요를 누른 경우update 구문에서 좋아요 체크 여부를 True로 변경update 구문 내에서 조건 분기 추가좋아요 체크가 되어 있지 않다면 숫자 +1좋아요 체크가 되어 있다면 숫자 -1좋아요 숫자가 0이라면 0을 그대로 return이 부분은 PositiveInteger기 때문에 무시해도 되나요?제가 생각한 접근 방식을 보시고, 선생님의 노하우를 공유 해주셨으면 합니다 감사합니다.

리액트 npx create-react-app [이름]으로 해서 프로젝트 생성해서 보면 index.html과 app.js를 같이 작성하는지 아니면 app.js만 하는지. 알고 싶습니다 src에 컴포넌트 폴더를 생성하면 파일 종류가 어떻게 되어 있는지 알고 싶습니다

Team Entity코드입니다.package study.QueryDslClass.entity; import jakarta.persistence.*; import lombok.*; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; @Entity @Getter @Setter @NoArgsConstructor(access = AccessLevel.PROTECTED) @ToString(of = {"id", "teamName"}) public class Team { @Id @GeneratedValue @Column(name = "team_id") private Long id; private String name; @OneToMany(mappedBy = "team") private List<Member> members = new ArrayList<>(); public Team(String name) { this.name = name; } } 테스트 코드입니다.@Test public void teamTest() throws Exception { List<Team> result = query.selectFrom(team) .fetch(); for (Team team1 : result) { System.out.println(team1); } }해당 테스트 코드 진행 시 team 객체의 id와 name이 출력 되어야 한다고 생각하는데 team의 id만 출력됩니다.출력 로그 입니다.2023-06-27T17:22:50.740+09:00 DEBUG 24340 --- [ main] org.hibernate.SQLselectt1_0.team_id,t1_0.namefromteam t1_02023-06-27T17:22:50.741+09:00 INFO 24340 --- [ main] p6spy : #1687854170741 | took 0ms | statement | connection 4| url jdbc:h2:tcp://localhost/~/querydslselect t1_0.team_id,t1_0.name from team t1_0select t1_0.team_id,t1_0.name from team t1_0;Team(id=1)Team(id=2)