AnnotationConfigApplicationContext 다형성

[질문 템플릿]
1. 강의 내용과 관련된 질문인가요? (예/아니오)

예
2. 인프런의 질문 게시판과 자주 하는 질문에 없는 내용인가요? (예/아니오)

예
3. 질문 잘하기 메뉴얼을 읽어보셨나요? (예/아니오)

예

[질문 내용]
강의 내용에서 MemberApp과 OrderApp에는 다음과 같이

// MemberApp.java

package hello.core;

import hello.core.member.Grade;
import hello.core.member.Member;
import hello.core.member.MemberService;
import hello.core.member.MemberServiceImpl;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;

public class MemberApp {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
//        AppConfig appConfig = new AppConfig();
//        MemberService memberService = appConfig.memberService();

        ApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(AppConfig.class);
        MemberService memberService = applicationContext.getBean("memberService", MemberService.class);

        Member member = new Member(1L, "memberA", Grade.VIP);
        memberService.join(member);

        Member findMember = memberService.findMember(1L);
        System.out.println("new member = " + member.getName());
        System.out.println("find Member = " + findMember.getName());
    }
}

// OrderApp.java

package hello.core;

import hello.core.member.Grade;
import hello.core.member.Member;
import hello.core.member.MemberService;
import hello.core.member.MemberServiceImpl;
import hello.core.order.Order;
import hello.core.order.OrderService;
import hello.core.order.OrderServiceImpl;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;

public class OrderApp {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

//        AppConfig appConfig = new AppConfig();
//        MemberService memberService = appConfig.memberService();
//        OrderService orderService = appConfig.orderService();

        ApplicationContext applicationContext = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(AppConfig.class);

        MemberService memberService = applicationContext.getBean("memberService", MemberService.class);
        OrderService orderService = applicationContext.getBean("orderService", OrderService.class);

        Long memberId = 1L;
        Member member = new Member(memberId, "memberA", Grade.VIP);
        
        memberService.join(member);

        Order order = orderService.createOrder(memberId, "itemA", 20000);

        System.out.println("order = " + order);
        System.out.println("order.calculatePrice() = " + order.calculatePrice());

    }
}

applicationContext를 생성할 때 그 자료형을 ApplicationContext란 Interface로 선언했는데 왜 ApplicationContextInfoTest에서는 ac의 자료형을 AnnotationConfigApplicationContext으로 하신거죠?

// ApplicationContextInfoTest.java

package hello.core.beanfind;

import hello.core.AppConfig;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.DisplayName;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.BeanDefinition;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.AnnotationConfigApplicationContext;

public class ApplicationContextInfoTest {

    AnnotationConfigApplicationContext ac = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(AppConfig.class);

    @Test
    @DisplayName("모든 빈 출력하기")
    void findAllBean() {
        String[] beanDefinitionNames = ac.getBeanDefinitionNames();
        for (String beanDefinitionName : beanDefinitionNames) {
            Object bean = ac.getBean(beanDefinitionName);
            System.out.println("name = " + beanDefinitionName + " object = " + bean);
        }
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("애플리케이션 빈 출력하기")
    void findApplicationBean() {
        String[] beanDefinitionNames = ac.getBeanDefinitionNames();
        for (String beanDefinitionName : beanDefinitionNames) {
            BeanDefinition beanDefinition = ac.getBeanDefinition(beanDefinitionName);
        }
    }
}

그리고 ac의 자료형을 ApplicationContext 로 했을 때는 findApplicationBean 메서드의 ac.getBeanDefinition이 사용할 수 없다고 나오는데 AnnotationConfigApplicationContext으로 선언했을 때는 사용할 수 있는데 그 이유가 뭔지 궁금합니다.