This is a foundational accounting course designed to help even those new to accounting understand how a company's numbers are created and connected. You will learn step-by-step, starting from the basic concepts of accounting to the structure of balance sheets and income statements, the occurrence of transactions, accounting treatments, and journal entries. The core focus is not simply memorizing account titles or journaling methods, but understanding the entire flow of accounting: Transaction Occurrence → Journal Entry → Bookkeeping → Financial Statements → Business Performance and Financial Position. This introductory course is specifically designed to help beginners easily understand the most challenging questions through real-world examples, such as "Why is it debit and why is it credit?" and "How do the numbers on financial statements change when a transaction occurs?"

A company’s numbers are not merely results; they are the outcomes of management’s judgments and choices. A single accounting treatment, closing decision, or financing method can change profits, taxes, financial structure, and even the company’s value. In the advanced course, you will go beyond the financial statement analysis learned in the intermediate course and study how to change a company’s numbers by connecting accounting judgments → closing procedures → taxation → accounting fraud → capital transactions → financial structure improvement into one continuous process. You will understand how accounting judgments—such as bad debt, inventory valuation, the distinction between expenses and assets, accounting estimates, and errors—affect financial statements, and examine the boundary between tax saving and accounting fraud through the relationship between year-end closing and tax adjustments. You will also learn how to identify signs of accounting fraud and fraudulent financial reporting by analyzing closing journal entries and irregularities in financial statements, as well as analyze the impact of major capital transactions—including treasury shares, convertible bonds, goodwill, and M&A—on a company’s numbers and value. Finally, you will design plans to normalize the financial structure, such as capital increases, debt-to-equity conversions, debt restructuring, and improvements to the earnings structure, in response to corporate financial risks including excessive debt, capital impairment, and persistent losses.

Being able to read financial statements is different from properly understanding a company. In the intermediate course, building on the accounting fundamentals learned in the introductory course, you will learn how to comprehensively analyze the balance sheet, income statement, statement of cash flows, statement of changes in equity, and notes, and how to uncover a company’s actual operating performance and risk factors hidden behind the numbers. First, rather than taking the numbers in the financial statements at face value, you will explore why a company may be profitable yet short of cash, why its financial condition may deteriorate even as profits increase, and why its actual profitability may decline despite growing sales. You will then analyze key financial ratios and trends—including liquidity, solvency, profitability, and activity—to diagnose a company’s true financial health and warning signs. You will also analyze profitability by product and customer, which is more important than sales volume alone, along with contribution margin, break-even points, and the relationship between price and sales volume, to identify which businesses are actually generating profits. Furthermore, through key company valuation metrics such as PER, PBR, and EV/EBITDA, you will understand “What determines the value of our company?” and examine the key factors that increase corporate value. Finally, you will develop decision-making skills based on evidence rather than intuition by analyzing, with numbers, real-world management issues such as outsourcing versus in-house production, whether to continue offering a product, pricing policies, and new investments.