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Understanding Core LLM Theory and Architecture -How ChatGPT, RAG, and Agents Work All at Once-

You use ChatGPT, but haven't you found it difficult to explain why you get certain answers? "RAG, agents, fine-tuning... I know the terms but find it hard to explain them precisely" "I'm at a loss for words when I hear LLM-related terminology" "Explaining concepts in AI meetings is always vague" This course was created specifically for people like you. This course is a theoretical lecture designed to understand LLMs as a 'structure' rather than a 'tool'. It's not about how to use ChatGPT or Gemini, but about building a framework that allows you to explain why they work the way they do.

3 learners are taking this course

Level Beginner

Course period Unlimited

  • HappyAI
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What you will gain after the course

  • Structural thinking to understand the process of how LLMs generate answers

  • A clear framework to avoid confusion between core concepts like Prompts, RAG, and Agents

  • The comprehension ability to accurately follow AI-related discussions

  • A realistic sense of judgment considering the limitations and parameters of LLMs


Master the principles of
how LLMs work with this comprehensive theory course

Gain a deep understanding of LLM, the core technology leading the AI era.


Have you been using ChatGPT or Gemini but curious about how they work?
This course explains LLM from basic concepts step by step,

It helps you understand the core technologies of Prompts, RAG, and Agents in an accessible way.

How LLMs work

A theory course to make it your own

I'm using ChatGPT and Gemini, but

Haven't you been curious about why you get those answers?

This course covers everything from the basic structure of LLMs to core concepts

Explained with a focus on understanding, without complex formulas.

Transformer, Self-Attention, and of course

Prompt, RAG, and Agent

You can naturally connect and understand how they work inside the LLM.

Not how to use tools,

This is a course that establishes criteria for evaluating AI.


This course helps you understand the thinking structure of LLMs,

The foundation for utilizing the latest technologies such as Prompt, RAG, and Agent.

This is a course that lays the foundation.

What makes this course different?

This course does not cover simple tool usage or tricks.

LLMs

  • how it understands context

  • Why hallucinations occur and

  • and why techniques like prompting, RAG, fine-tuning, and Agents emerged

explains the core theoretical concepts step by step without formulas, focusing on structure.

We've structured core concepts like Transformer, Self-Attention, tokens, and embeddings
to be understood through an intuitive flow rather than a list of papers.


We especially recommend this for

  • Those who use ChatGPT but are always confused about LLM concepts

  • When RAG or Agent topics come up, planners and PMs who don't understand in meetings khi nhắc đến RAG·Agent

  • Professionals considering AI adoption or utilization strategies

  • For those who are not developers but want to properly understand LLMs

  • Learners looking for an "Introduction to LLM Theory" course

This course is NOT the following type of course

  • ❌ ChatGPT feature explanation lecture

  • ❌ Lectures focused on how to use specific AI tools

  • ❌ Hands-on course focused on automation and work efficiency

This course is a theory-focused course on understanding the structure and operating principles of LLMs.

What you'll learn from this course

From someone who just uses AI
to someone who understands and can design AI


Structure-focused learning to understand
the core principles of LLMs


Section 1 - Understanding the Basics of Generative AI and LLM

We explore the fundamental principles of Generative AI and LLM. We understand how LLMs statistically learn the meaning and context of language through vast amounts of text data to generate natural sentences.

Section 2 - LLM Trends and Industry Analysis

We will examine the latest development trends in LLM technology and analyze the future strategic direction of LLMs within the global AI competitive landscape. This will help provide insight into the present and future of LLM technology.

Section 3 - LLM Operating Principles Basics

Learn the fundamental operating principles of LLMs. Understand core concepts such as tokens, embeddings, vector spaces, and context windows, and explore key output control parameters.

Section 4 - Prompt Engineering Techniques

This section covers the fundamental concepts and advanced techniques of prompt engineering to maximize LLM performance. Learn various patterns such as Zero-shot, Few-shot, and Chain-of-Thought (CoT) to develop effective prompt writing skills.

Section 5 - Overcoming LLM Limitations with RAG

Learn the RAG (Retrieval-Augmented Generation) architecture to overcome limitations of LLMs such as hallucination and lack of up-to-date information. Understand the core components of RAG including embeddings and vector databases, and grasp the overall operational flow.

Section 6 - RAG Performance Improvement Strategies

Learn about metrics and methodologies for evaluating the accuracy of RAG systems, and explore practical performance improvement techniques. Through this, we seek ways to enhance the efficiency and reliability of RAG systems.

Section 7 - Fine-tuning and Lightweight Tuning Strategies

Learn the basic concepts and application strategies of fine-tuning to adapt LLMs to specific tasks or domains. Additionally, acquire efficient model tuning methods through lightweight tuning techniques such as PEFT (Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning).

Section 8 - Understanding and Utilizing LLM Agents

You will understand the concept and structure of Agents and explore various types of LLM Agents. You will learn through specific examples how Agents can be utilized in actual work and services.

Section 9 - Latest Theories on MCP and A2A

We will compare and analyze the concepts, operating principles, structures, and utilization methods of MCP (Multi-agent Cooperative Planning) and A2A (Agent-to-Agent), the latest multi-agent system theories. Through this, you will understand advanced agent system design.

From theory to practice


Point 1. Understanding LLM Core Principles Without Math

Do you use ChatGPT but wonder how it works? This course clearly explains how LLMs operate through a structure-focused approach without complex formulas. You'll understand the fundamental principles behind hallucinations, and why prompts, RAG, fine-tuning, and agents are necessary.


Point 2. You can easily understand the principles of LLM.

It focuses on understanding how LLMs operate in terms of their thinking structure, rather than just how to use the tools.

Through this, you'll gain a theoretical framework to understand and explain concepts that appear in AI-related meetings or planning documents without confusion. Additionally, by understanding the structural limitations of LLMs such as hallucinations, recency issues, and context constraints,

you can determine what to expect and what not to expect.

Point 3. Theoretical Framework for Understanding RAG, Fine-tuning, and Agents

We theoretically understand the core components and overall operational flow of the RAG architecture that emerged to address the structural limitations of LLMs. We also structurally explain what problems fine-tuning and lightweight tuning techniques (PEFT, LoRA) were designed to solve, and when they become appropriate choices. Agents are also covered not from the perspective of "how to build them," but focusing on why Agents are needed, their internal structure, and how they differ from simple automation.


Point 4. Building a Perspective to Understand AI

The goal is to move beyond 'just using AI' and develop a perspective for understanding AI structurally.

From core LLM concepts like tokens, embeddings, and context windows, to the latest multi-agent theories such as MCP and A2A

We organize the content focusing on why these structures emerged.


I use ChatGPT, but I don't understand why it works this way.
This course was created for exactly these people.


✔️ Beginners who want to understand LLM from the basic principles

  • Those who want to structurally understand why LLMs experience hallucinations

  • Those who want to know why prompts, RAG, fine-tuning, and agents are necessary and how they work

  • Those who want to fundamentally understand how AI works beyond just using tools

✔️ Planners/practitioners who want to accurately explain LLM concepts in AI-related meetings or planning documents

  • Those who want to clearly explain the core principles of LLMs (tokens, embeddings, context window)

  • Those who want to understand the latest LLM technology trends such as RAG, fine-tuning, and agents

  • Those who want to explore realistic application strategies while considering LLM limitations when planning and establishing AI service strategies

✔️ Working developers/data analysts who want to effectively apply LLM to their work

  • Those who want to structurally understand LLM's reasoning and answer generation process to apply it in development

  • Those who want to establish criteria for determining which approach (prompt, RAG, fine-tuning, agent) is suitable for problem-solving

  • Those who want to design strategies to overcome LLM limitations (hallucinations, recency, context) and apply them to actual services


Stop using AI like a 'black box.'
Become an expert who understands how LLMs work.

Important Notes Before Enrollment

  • This course is
    a theory-focused lecture that concentrates on understanding
    the structure and operating principles of LLMs (Large Language Models)..

    • Hands-on exercises are supplementary tools to aid in understanding concepts.

    • It does not aim to teach how to use specific AI tools or practical automation.

Prerequisites and Important Notes

  • It is helpful to have a basic understanding of core concepts such as LLM, Transformer, and Self-Attention.

  • Familiarity with related terms such as tokens, context windows, and embeddings will be helpful for learning.

  • Curiosity about how AI LLMs work and the willingness to learn are important.



Recommended for
these people

Who is this course right for?

  • The Core Principles of LLM, Transformer, and Self-Attention

  • Essential concepts explained: tokens, context windows, embeddings, etc.

  • Core Prompt Engineering Techniques (Zero-shot, Few-shot, CoT)

  • RAG Architecture and Methods for Improving Accuracy

  • Differences Between Fine-tuning vs RAG and Selection Criteria

  • The Structure of AI Agents and Real-World Application Scenarios

  • Latest multi-agent theory trends including MCP, A2A, etc.

Need to know before starting?

  • People who use ChatGPT but are always confused about the concept of LLM

  • Planners and PMs who don't understand meetings when RAG and agents are discussed

  • Field practitioners considering AI adoption or implementation strategies

  • People who are not developers but want to properly understand AI LLMs

  • A learner looking for "introductory lectures on LLM fundamentals"

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Courses

안녕하세요 AI와 빅데이터 분석에 진심인 해피AI 이진규입니다.

[강사약력]

이진규 (Lee JinKyu)

해피AI (Happy AI CEO)

생성 AI 및 빅데이터 분석 분야의 최신 트렌드, 인사이트, 기술 활용 방법을 깊이 있게 전달합니다.

 

🎒  강연 및 외주 문의

[email] leejinkyu0612@naver.com

[Blog] 📺https://blog.naver.com/leejinkyu0612

[YouTube] 📺 https://www.youtube.com/@HappyAI_0612

[github] https://github.com/leejin-kyu/

[Homepage] https://happyaidata.kr

[H.P] 010-9973-2113

[kakao] jinkyu0612

 

📘 크몽 Prime 전문가(상위 2%)📺https://kmong.com/gig/345782

 삼성전자, 서울대, 교육청, 경기연구원, 산림청, 국립공원관리공단, 서울시 등 다수의 정부기관 및 교육기관 프로젝트 진행

의료,커머스,생태,법학,경제,예체능 등 다양한 도메인의 연구경험(총 연구 프로젝트 200회 이상 진행)

 

📘 Bio

- 2024.07~ 생성 AI 및 빅데이터 분석 전문기업 해피AI 대표

- 2023~ 퍼블릭 뉴스 AI 칼럼니스트(AI편향 및 RAG챗봇 전문)

- 2022. AI대학원 박사과정 수료(자연어처리 및 LLM 전공)

- 2021~2023 AI/빅데이터 전문 기업 스텔라비전 개발자

- 2018~2021 정부출연연구기관 자연어처리/빅데이터 분석 연구원 (인문사회과학 데이터 연구)

 

🎒Courses & Activities

 

2025

LLM/sLLM 애플리케이션 개발 강의-파인튜닝, RAG, Agent 기반 . KT(2025)

 

2024

Langchain 및 RAG 등 LLM 프로그래밍.삼성SDS(2024)

ChatGPT 기반 빅데이터 분석 입문. 렛유인에듀 (2024)

인공지능 기초 및 데이터 분석 기초 강의. 한국직업개발원 (2024)

LLM 실무자를 위한 LLM이론 및 Langchain 기반 RAG챗봇 개발 강의. 서울디지털 재단 (2024)

쉽게 따라하는 LDA & 감성분석 빅데이터분석법 with ChatGPT. 인프런 (2024)

파이썬을 활용한 텍스트 분석 강의. 서울과학기술대학교 (2024)

랭체인(LangChain)을 활용한 LLM 챗봇 만들기(feat.ChatGPT). 인프런 (2024)

 

2023

ChatGPT를 활용한 파이썬 기초 강의. 경기대학교 (2023)

빅데이터 전문가 과정 특강. 단국대학교 (2023)

빅데이터 분석 기초 강의. 렛유인에듀 (2023)

 

 

💻 Projects

LLM 기반 산림 복원 빅데이터 분석(국립산림과학원)

Private LLM 기반 RAG 챗봇 모델 구축 (한국전력공사)

AI 기반 빅데이터 분석 기법을 적용한 설문 데이터 분석 (A정부기관)

내부망 전용 PrivateLLM을 활용한 텍스트마이닝 솔루션 개발 (D 정부기관)

빅데이터 분석을 통한 한우시장 트렌드 분석 (이화브리오)

Instruction Tuning 및 강화학습(RLHF)을 통한 LLM 모델 개발 (서울디지털재단)

AI 언어모델 기반 헬스케어 서비스의 사용자 리뷰 텍스트 분석 (삼성전자)

자연어 처리 기술 기반 텍스트마이닝을 활용한 연구동향 분석 (한국대기환경학회)

AI 모델 kopatBERT 기반 특허 논문 QA 모델 개발 (한국기술마켓)

딥러닝 기반 토픽모델링을 활용한 법학 설문 빅데이터 분석 (서울대학교)

AI 모델 Word2Vec과 감성분석을 적용한 설문 문항 빅데이터 분석 (경기연구원)

AI 모델 RNN 기반 리뷰 인사이트 추출 및 분석 프로그램 개발 (서클플랫폼)

빅데이터를 활용한 2022년 국립공원 탐방 키워드 분석 (국립공원관리공단)

이외에도 다수의 공공기관, 기업체와 개인적 의뢰 등 총 200건 이상 프로젝트 진행

 

📖 Publication

 [주요 논문 ]

Improving Commonsense Bias Classification by Mitigating the Influence of Demographic Terms.2024.

Improving Generation of Sentiment Commonsense by Bias Mitigation" International Conference on Big Data and Smart Computing.2023.

언론기사 빅데이터 분석을 통한 대규모 언어모델에 대한 기술 인식 분석: ChatGPT 등장 전후를 중심으로, 2024

자연어 처리(NLP)기반 텍스트마이닝을 활용한 소나무에 대한 국내외 연구동향(2001∼2020)분석 | 농업생명과학연구 | 2022

숲길에 대한 10 년간의 언론 인식분석-텍스트 마이닝 분석을 중심으로 | 산림경제연구 | 2021

이외에도 타 분야에서 다수의 학술논문, 학술발표, 연구보고서 등의 성과 창출

Others

Python을 활용한 데이터분석 및 시각화

LLM을 활용한 데이터분석

ChatGPT와 LangChain,Agent을 활용한 업무 생산성 향상

Curriculum

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27 lectures ∙ (1hr 31min)

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