This course focuses on three key topics for concurrent programming: Java threads and synchronization, concurrent programming, and asynchronous programming .
In Java, a thread is a lightweight process within a process, representing the concurrent execution flow of a program. It is created by extending the Thread class or implementing the Runnable interface; this allows developers to execute multiple threads concurrently to improve efficiency. After creating a thread, the start() method is called to start it, and its lifecycle is managed through basic APIs such as join(), sleep(), and interrupt(). Thread utilization plays a crucial role in optimizing multitasking and resource sharing, and synchronization is necessary to ensure data consistency and state management when multiple threads execute concurrently.
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Synchronization is a crucial concept in multithreading environments, ensuring data integrity by controlling concurrent access to shared resources. In Java, the synchronized keyword allows methods or blocks to be synchronized, ensuring that only one thread can access the synchronized code section at a given time. Furthermore, the Lock interface and its implementation classes enable more granular synchronization control, with ReentrantLock, the most representative implementation, providing reentrant lock functionality.
Java provides a variety of synchronization tools, including CountDownLatch, CyclicBarrier, and Semaphore, which provide advanced synchronization mechanisms for inter-thread cooperation. These tools simplify complex synchronization tasks, such as controlling thread execution order or making threads wait until a specific condition is met. Understanding and utilizing Java's thread and synchronization features is essential for developing multithreaded applications.
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So, first, let's look at the general concept of Java threads, the problem of concurrency, and the types and techniques of synchronization.
In concurrent programming, a thread pool is a way to efficiently manage and reuse multiple threads. It is implemented through the Executor framework, which consists of interfaces such as ExecutorService and ScheduledExecutorService, and utilizes the Callable and Future interfaces to process tasks with return values and receive their results asynchronously.
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ExecutorService is responsible for running and managing the thread pool. It allows you to submit tasks to the thread pool using the submit() method, and safely stop and terminate the thread pool using the shutdown() or shutdownNow() methods.
Additionally, the Executors class provides factory methods for easily creating various types of thread pools, and ThreadPoolExecutor provides a specific execution mechanism for the thread pool, allowing you to optimize performance and resource utilization when processing multiple tasks.
Understanding concurrent programming related to these thread pools is essential for developing Java-based multithreaded applications and is crucial for efficient resource management and high-performance application implementation.
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In this part, you will learn how to easily and safely implement concurrent programming in a multi-threaded environment.
Asynchronous programming is an essential concurrency paradigm for complex applications, structuring the execution flow of tasks through synchronous and asynchronous methods and the related concepts of blocking and non-blocking calls.
This provides an outline and structure that prevents resources from being wasted when work doesn't complete immediately, allowing the program to continue working on other tasks.
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In Java, CompletableFuture provides an API structure for asynchronous programming, providing various methods for starting, executing, and manipulating the results of asynchronous operations, which can be applied widely, from manipulating a single result to composing multiple asynchronous operations.
It also enables more robust and flexible asynchronous programming through the ability to handle waiting and cancellation along with task completion, including mechanisms for exception handling.
In this way, asynchronous programming plays a significant role in increasing the responsiveness of systems, utilizing resources more efficiently, and optimizing the performance of applications.
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In this part, we will look at the overall content of asynchronous programming using CompletableFuture.
Section 1. Operating System Basics
Learn the fundamentals of operating systems, multitasking, and the differences between processes and threads.
Understand the fundamentals of concurrent programming and learn the fundamental principles of scheduling through core operating system concepts such as Parallel & Concurrent, Context Switch, CPU Bound & I/O Bound, User Mode & Kernel Mode, etc.
Section 2. Java Thread Fundamentals - Thread Creation and Execution Structure
Learn in detail how to create, run, and terminate threads in Java.
By simulating the life cycle of a thread for each state, we learn step by step what characteristics and execution flow each state has.
Section 3. Java Thread Fundamentals - Basic Thread API
Explains the in-depth concepts and structure of Java's thread-related APIs.
Learn in depth about essential concepts for implementing multithreading, such as sleep, join, interrupt, and priority, as well as the structure and flow of connections between the JVM and OS through native method execution.
Section 4. Java Thread Fundamentals - Using Threads
Learn how to use threads effectively in real-world projects.
We cover topics such as interruption and recovery, and learn about thread groups, thread locals, and thread exception handling.
Section 5. Synchronization Fundamentals - Synchronization Concepts
Learn the fundamental concepts of synchronization and its importance in multithreading environments in depth.
Learn the fundamental concepts needed to understand synchronization techniques, such as synchronization and its relationship with the CPU, critical sequences, and safe thread configuration, in depth.
Section 6. Synchronization Fundamentals - Synchronization Techniques
We cover in depth the various synchronization techniques and how to apply them.
Learn about the concepts of locks, such as mutexes, semaphores, monitors, and spin locks, as well as strategies for protecting data and maintaining consistency using synchronization.
Section 7. Java Synchronization
Learn in depth the synchronization mechanisms provided by Java.
Covers various synchronization mechanisms provided by Java, including the concept of synchronized, condition variables, volatile, and deadlock.
Section 8. Java Locks
Learn about Java's Lock interface and various types of classes, and learn how to use Lock and solve synchronization problems using Lock.
In particular, we will look at the characteristics, pros and cons of write locks and read locks, and learn how to use conditional variables of locks and how to use them correctly through practical examples.
Section 9. Java Synchronization Tools
Learn about the various synchronization tools provided by Java.
Learn practical applications using tools such as Atomic Variables, Atomic * FieldUpdater, Countdown Latch, and Cyclic Barrier.
. Section 10. Java Concurrency Framework
Understand the concepts and features of the Executor, ExecutorService, and Executors classes provided by Java, and learn how to efficiently manage and optimize multithreaded applications using thread pools.
Provides practical knowledge on how to process and manage the results of asynchronous operations through the Future interface.
By applying these concepts through real-world examples and exercises, you will be able to solve complex concurrency problems and develop responsive, high-performance Java applications.
Section 11. ThreadPoolExecutor
Learn in detail about the principles and usage of ThreadPoolExecutor.
We will cover how to create, manage, and optimize thread pools, learn how to efficiently manage resources and exception handling using thread pools, and examine the overall architecture and flowchart.
Section 12: CompletableFuture
We delve into CompletableFuture, Java's asynchronous programming feature.
This powerful class, introduced in Java 8, starts with the fundamental concepts of asynchronous programming and teaches you how to structure and manage real-world workflows.
Each session details various methods and use cases of CompletableFuture, and you'll learn practical techniques for exception handling, result composition, and asynchronous task chaining.
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