Hello Younghan, I'm the confident scholar-type student who came back to the basics after reaching the last web layer of Application Part 1 and thinking "I can't study like this anymore".. Coming from the Java curriculum all the way to JPA, what I found a bit disappointing about this lecture was the course materials. While the materials from previous lectures allowed me to review without needing the actual lectures, this lecture requires coding through most of the content via the lectures, making it a bit difficult to review😢😢. Also, the lecture is a bit old so there are some changes, but they weren't too bothersome so it was still okay. In conclusion, I think the two pillars of JPA are persistence context and association mapping. I had always thought about association mapping only from a DB perspective, but when I first tried to apply it to objects, it seemed a bit difficult at first. So I listened to the association mapping lecture parts about 3... 4 times, and only then did I start to get the hang of it. And while this lecture was conducted with Maven, maybe because I'm taking the full curriculum, Gradle seems much more convenient so I proceeded with Gradle. Through the various previous lectures, even though I don't know Gradle deeply, I at least have a sense of which dependencies might have issues that need fixing, so the previous lectures served as a great buildup😆😆😆. Anyway, I'll think of this concept lecture as "JPA Introduction" like the XXX Introduction courses I took in college, study it, and then move on to the application part again! Thank you Younghan, the weather is hot but please always take care of yourself ~!