This course systematically teaches normalization and denormalization, which are core concepts in database design. Learners will understand the necessity and principles of normalization, and acquire step-by-step knowledge from First Normal Form to Third Normal Form and BCNF normalization techniques. Additionally, they will learn denormalization techniques that are essential considerations in practical database design, and discover actual application methods for performance optimization. Furthermore, learners can understand the essence of NULL values and their operational results, which are important concepts in databases, and examine the concept and characteristics of **Artificial Identifiers** to experience the importance of data integrity and management. Through this course, learners can establish a foundation for solving various problems that may arise during the data modeling process and develop database design capabilities applicable to both theory and practice.