[SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] 에러
미해결
[신규 개정판] 이것이 진짜 크롤링이다 - 실전편 (인공지능 수익화)
발생에러: urllib.error.URLError: <urlopen error [SSL: CERTIFICATE_VERIFY_FAILED] certificate verify failed: certificate has expired (_ssl.c:997)> 검색어 '고양이' 경우에 위의 에러가 떴습니다. import ssl #_ssl.c:997 ssl . _create_default_https_context = ssl . _create_unverified_context # _ssl.c:997 에러처리 그래서 위의 문구를 검색해서 추가해줬지만, 여전히, urllib.error.URLError: <urlopen error [SSL: WRONG_SIGNATURE_TYPE] wrong signature type (_ssl.c:997)>에러가 뜹니다. 결국, try로 에러를 처리했는데요. try없이 에러 조치가 가능할까요? from selenium import webdriver from selenium . webdriver . common . keys import Keys import time import os import urllib . request import ssl #_ssl.c:997 import pyautogui keyword = pyautogui . prompt () if not os . path . exists ( f '06_구글이미지크롤링/ { keyword } ' ): os . mkdir ( f '06_구글이미지크롤링/ { keyword } ' ) main_url = f "https://www.google.com/search?q= { keyword } &newwindow=1&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=&biw=1000&bih=900&dpr=1" browser = webdriver . Chrome ( "C:/chromedriver.exe" ) browser . implicitly_wait ( 10 ) browser . maximize_window () browser . get ( main_url ) #무한 스크롤 처리 before_h = browser . execute_script ( "return window.scrollY" ) while True : browser . find_element_by_css_selector ( "body" ).send_keys( Keys . END ) time . sleep ( 1 ) after_h = browser . execute_script ( "return window.scrollY" ) if after_h == before_h : break before_h = after_h imgs = browser . find_elements_by_css_selector ( ".rg_i.Q4LuWd" ) #자료형은 리스트 for i , img in enumerate ( imgs , 1 ): browser . execute_script ( "arguments[0].click();" , img ) time . sleep ( 1 ) if i == 1 : target = browser . find_elements_by_css_selector ( "img.n3VNCb" )[ 0 ] else : target = browser . find_elements_by_css_selector ( "img.n3VNCb" )[ 1 ] img_src = target .get_attribute( 'src' ) opener = urllib . request . build_opener () opener . addheaders = [( 'User-Agent' , 'Mozila/5.0' )] urllib . request . install_opener ( opener ) ssl . _create_default_https_context = ssl . _create_unverified_context # _ssl.c:997 에러처리 try : urllib . request . urlretrieve ( img_src , f '06_구글이미지크롤링/ { keyword } / { i } .jpg' ) except : continue
- urllib.
- python
- 웹-크롤링