HTTPie post 요청시 질문이 있습니다!

Question

강의와 같이 perform_create 함수를 구성하였을때 웹으로 post 요청을 보냈을때에는 데이터가 생성이 되었는데, httpie를 통한 post 요청시에는 아래와 같은 html 응답이 넘어오면서 에러가 났습니다. 혹시 이 문제의 원인이 무엇인지 알 수 있을까요?? 밑에 설명 문구에 DEBUG=True이기 때문에 해당 에러가 발생했다고 하여 False로 바꾸어 보았지만 해결이 되지 않았습니다. 그리고 post를 제외한 다른 요청들은 모두 정삭적으로 응답이 옵니다. self

<django.db.models.fields.related_descriptors.ForwardManyToOneDescri ptor object at 0x0000012F717A5670>

value

<django.contrib.auth.models.AnonymousUser object at 0x0000012F7293A 190>

Environment: Request Method: POST Request URL: http://localhost:8000/ukstagram/posts/ Django Version: 4.0.4 Python Version: 3.8.12 Installed Applications: ['django.contrib.admin', 'django.contrib.auth', 'django.contrib.contenttypes', 'django.contrib.sessions', 'django.contrib.messages', 'django.contrib.staticfiles', 'rest_framework', 'ukstagram'] Installed Middleware: ['django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware', 'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware', 'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware', 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware', 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware', 'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware', 'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware'] Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Users\cswoo\.conda\envs\drf\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\exception.py", line 55, in inner response = get_response(request) File "C:\Users\cswoo\.conda\envs\drf\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 197, in _get_respon se response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs) File "C:\Users\cswoo\.conda\envs\drf\lib\site-packages\django\views\decorators\csrf.py", line 54, in wrapped_v iew return view_func(*args, **kwargs) File "C:\Users\cswoo\.conda\envs\drf\lib\site-packages
est_framework\viewsets.py", line 125, in view return self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs) File "C:\Users\cswoo\.conda\envs\drf\lib\site-packages
est_framework\views.py", line 509, in dispatch response = self.handle_exception(exc) File "C:\Users\cswoo\.conda\envs\drf\lib\site-packages
est_framework\views.py", line 469, in handle_exception self.raise_uncaught_exception(exc) File "C:\Users\cswoo\.conda\envs\drf\lib\site-packages
est_framework\views.py", line 480, in raise_uncaught_e xception raise exc File "C:\Users\cswoo\.conda\envs\drf\lib\site-packages
est_framework\views.py", line 506, in dispatch response = handler(request, *args, **kwargs) File "C:\Users\cswoo\.conda\envs\drf\lib\site-packages
est_framework\mixins.py", line 19, in create self.perform_create(serializer) File "C:\Users\cswoo\OneDrive\Documents\DRF\ukstagram\views.py", line 46, in perform_create serializer.save(author=self.request.user) File "C:\Users\cswoo\.conda\envs\drf\lib\site-packages
est_framework\serializers.py", line 212, in save self.instance = self.create(validated_data) File "C:\Users\cswoo\.conda\envs\drf\lib\site-packages
est_framework\serializers.py", line 962, in create instance = ModelClass._default_manager.create(**validated_data) File "C:\Users\cswoo\.conda\envs\drf\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\manager.py", line 85, in manager_metho d return getattr(self.get_queryset(), name)(*args, **kwargs) File "C:\Users\cswoo\.conda\envs\drf\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\query.py", line 512, in create obj = self.model(**kwargs) File "C:\Users\cswoo\.conda\envs\drf\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 541, in __init__ _setattr(self, field.name, rel_obj) File "C:\Users\cswoo\.conda\envs\drf\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\fields
elated_descriptors.py", line 2 35, in __set__ raise ValueError( Exception Type: ValueError at /ukstagram/posts/ Exception Value: Cannot assign "<django.contrib.auth.models.AnonymousUser object at 0x0000012F7293A190&g t;": "Post.author" must be a "User" instance.

Request information

USER

AnonymousUser

GET

No GET data

POST

No POST data

FILES

No FILES data

No cookie data

Settings

Using settings module `DRF.settings`

Setting	Value
ABSOLUTE_URL_OVERRIDES	{}
ADMINS	[]
ALLOWED_HOSTS	[]
APPEND_SLASH	True
AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS	['django.contrib.auth.backends.ModelBackend']
AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS	'********************'
AUTH_USER_MODEL	'auth.User'
BASE_DIR	WindowsPath('C:/Users/cswoo/OneDrive/Documents/DRF')
CACHES	{'default': {'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.loc mem.LocMemCache'}}
CACHE_MIDDLEWARE_ALIAS	'default'
CACHE_MIDDLEWARE_KEY_PREFIX	'********************'
CACHE_MIDDLEWARE_SECONDS	600
CSRF_COOKIE_AGE	31449600
CSRF_COOKIE_DOMAIN	None
CSRF_COOKIE_HTTPONLY	False
CSRF_COOKIE_NAME	'csrftoken'
CSRF_COOKIE_PATH	'/'
CSRF_COOKIE_SAMESITE	'Lax'
CSRF_COOKIE_SECURE	False
CSRF_FAILURE_VIEW	'django.views.csrf.csrf_failure'
CSRF_HEADER_NAME	'HTTP_X_CSRFTOKEN'
CSRF_TRUSTED_ORIGINS	[]
CSRF_USE_SESSIONS	False
DATABASES	{'default': {'ATOMIC_REQUESTS': False, 'AUTOCOMMIT': True, 'CONN_MAX_AGE': 0, 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3', 'HOST': '', 'NAME': WindowsPath('C:/Users/cswoo/OneDrive/Documents/DRF/db.sqlite3'), 'OPTIONS': {}, 'PASSWORD': '********************', 'PORT': '', 'TEST': {'CHARSET': None, 'COLLATION': None, 'MIGRATE': True, 'MIRROR': None, 'NAME': None}, 'TIME_ZONE': None, 'USER': ''}}
DATABASE_ROUTERS	[]
DATA_UPLOAD_MAX_MEMORY_SIZE	2621440
DATA_UPLOAD_MAX_NUMBER_FIELDS	1000
DATETIME_FORMAT	'N j, Y, P'
DATETIME_INPUT_FORMATS	['%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M', '%m/%d/%Y %H:%M:%S', '%m/%d/%Y %H:%M:%S.%f', '%m/%d/%Y %H:%M', '%m/%d/%y %H:%M:%S', '%m/%d/%y %H:%M:%S.%f', '%m/%d/%y %H:%M']
DATE_FORMAT	'N j, Y'
DATE_INPUT_FORMATS	['%Y-%m-%d', '%m/%d/%Y', '%m/%d/%y', '%b %d %Y', '%b %d, %Y', '%d %b %Y', '%d %b, %Y', '%B %d %Y', '%B %d, %Y', '%d %B %Y', '%d %B, %Y']
DEBUG	True
DEBUG_PROPAGATE_EXCEPTIONS	False
DECIMAL_SEPARATOR	'.'
DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD	'django.db.models.BigAutoField'
DEFAULT_CHARSET	'utf-8'
DEFAULT_EXCEPTION_REPORTER	'django.views.debug.ExceptionReporter'
DEFAULT_EXCEPTION_REPORTER_FILTER	'django.views.debug.SafeExceptionReporterFilter'
DEFAULT_FILE_STORAGE	'django.core.files.storage.FileSystemStorage'
DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL	'webmaster@localhost'
DEFAULT_INDEX_TABLESPACE	''
DEFAULT_TABLESPACE	''
DISALLOWED_USER_AGENTS	[]
EMAIL_BACKEND	'django.core.mail.backends.smtp.EmailBackend'
EMAIL_HOST	'localhost'
EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD	'********************'
EMAIL_HOST_USER	''
EMAIL_PORT	25
EMAIL_SSL_CERTFILE	None
EMAIL_SSL_KEYFILE	'********************'
EMAIL_SUBJECT_PREFIX	'[Django] '
EMAIL_TIMEOUT	None
EMAIL_USE_LOCALTIME	False
EMAIL_USE_SSL	False
EMAIL_USE_TLS	False
FILE_UPLOAD_DIRECTORY_PERMISSIONS	None
FILE_UPLOAD_HANDLERS	['django.core.files.uploadhandler.MemoryFileUploadHandler', 'django.core.files.uploadhandler.TemporaryFileUploadHandler']
FILE_UPLOAD_MAX_MEMORY_SIZE	2621440
FILE_UPLOAD_PERMISSIONS	420
FILE_UPLOAD_TEMP_DIR	None
FIRST_DAY_OF_WEEK	0
FIXTURE_DIRS	[]
FORCE_SCRIPT_NAME	None
FORMAT_MODULE_PATH	None
FORM_RENDERER	'django.forms.renderers.DjangoTemplates'
IGNORABLE_404_URLS	[]
INSTALLED_APPS	['django.contrib.admin', 'django.contrib.auth', 'django.contrib.contenttypes', 'django.contrib.sessions', 'django.contrib.messages', 'django.contrib.staticfiles', 'rest_framework', 'ukstagram']
INTERNAL_IPS	[]
LANGUAGES	[('af', 'Afrikaans'), ('ar', 'Arabic'), ('ar-dz', 'Algerian Arabic'), ('ast', 'Asturian'), ('az', 'Azerbaijani'), ('bg', 'Bulgarian'), ('be', 'Belarusian'), ('bn', 'Bengali'), ('br', 'Breton'), ('bs', 'Bosnian'), ('ca', 'Catalan'), ('cs', 'Czech'), ('cy', 'Welsh'), ('da', 'Danish'), ('de', 'German'), ('dsb', 'Lower Sorbian'), ('el', 'Greek'), ('en', 'English'), ('en-au', 'Australian English'), ('en-gb', 'British English'), ('eo', 'Esperanto'), ('es', 'Spanish'), ('es-ar', 'Argentinian Spanish'), ('es-co', 'Colombian Spanish'), ('es-mx', 'Mexican Spanish'), ('es-ni', 'Nicaraguan Spanish'), ('es-ve', 'Venezuelan Spanish'), ('et', 'Estonian'), ('eu', 'Basque'), ('fa', 'Persian'), ('fi', 'Finnish'), ('fr', 'French'), ('fy', 'Frisian'), ('ga', 'Irish'), ('gd', 'Scottish Gaelic'), ('gl', 'Galician'), ('he', 'Hebrew'), ('hi', 'Hindi'), ('hr', 'Croatian'), ('hsb', 'Upper Sorbian'), ('hu', 'Hungarian'), ('hy', 'Armenian'), ('ia', 'Interlingua'), ('id', 'Indonesian'), ('ig', 'Igbo'), ('io', 'Ido'), ('is', 'Icelandic'), ('it', 'Italian'), ('ja', 'Japanese'), ('ka', 'Georgian'), ('kab', 'Kabyle'), ('kk', 'Kazakh'), ('km', 'Khmer'), ('kn', 'Kannada'), ('ko', 'Korean'), ('ky', 'Kyrgyz'), ('lb', 'Luxembourgish'), ('lt', 'Lithuanian'), ('lv', 'Latvian'), ('mk', 'Macedonian'), ('ml', 'Malayalam'), ('mn', 'Mongolian'), ('mr', 'Marathi'), ('ms', 'Malay'), ('my', 'Burmese'), ('nb', 'Norwegian Bokmål'), ('ne', 'Nepali'), ('nl', 'Dutch'), ('nn', 'Norwegian Nynorsk'), ('os', 'Ossetic'), ('pa', 'Punjabi'), ('pl', 'Polish'), ('pt', 'Portuguese'), ('pt-br', 'Brazilian Portuguese'), ('ro', 'Romanian'), ('ru', 'Russian'), ('sk', 'Slovak'), ('sl', 'Slovenian'), ('sq', 'Albanian'), ('sr', 'Serbian'), ('sr-latn', 'Serbian Latin'), ('sv', 'Swedish'), ('sw', 'Swahili'), ('ta', 'Tamil'), ('te', 'Telugu'), ('tg', 'Tajik'), ('th', 'Thai'), ('tk', 'Turkmen'), ('tr', 'Turkish'), ('tt', 'Tatar'), ('udm', 'Udmurt'), ('uk', 'Ukrainian'), ('ur', 'Urdu'), ('uz', 'Uzbek'), ('vi', 'Vietnamese'), ('zh-hans', 'Simplified Chinese'), ('zh-hant', 'Traditional Chinese')]
LANGUAGES_BIDI	['he', 'ar', 'ar-dz', 'fa', 'ur 7;]
LANGUAGE_CODE	'en-us'
LANGUAGE_COOKIE_AGE	None
LANGUAGE_COOKIE_DOMAIN	None
LANGUAGE_COOKIE_HTTPONLY	False
LANGUAGE_COOKIE_NAME	'django_language'
LANGUAGE_COOKIE_PATH	'/'
LANGUAGE_COOKIE_SAMESITE	None
LANGUAGE_COOKIE_SECURE	False
LOCALE_PATHS	[]
LOGGING	{}
LOGGING_CONFIG	'logging.config.dictConfig'
LOGIN_REDIRECT_URL	'/accounts/profile/'
LOGIN_URL	'/accounts/login/'
LOGOUT_REDIRECT_URL	None
MANAGERS	[]
MEDIA_ROOT	''
MEDIA_URL	'/'
MESSAGE_STORAGE	'django.contrib.messages.storage.fallback.FallbackStorage'
MIDDLEWARE	['django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware', 'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware', 'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware', 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware', 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware', 'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware', 'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware']
MIGRATION_MODULES	{}
MONTH_DAY_FORMAT	'F j'
NUMBER_GROUPING	0
PASSWORD_HASHERS	'********************'
PASSWORD_RESET_TIMEOUT	'********************'
PREPEND_WWW	False
ROOT_URLCONF	'DRF.urls'
SECRET_KEY	'********************'
SECURE_CONTENT_TYPE_NOSNIFF	True
SECURE_CROSS_ORIGIN_OPENER_POLICY	'same-origin'
SECURE_HSTS_INCLUDE_SUBDOMAINS	False
SECURE_HSTS_PRELOAD	False
SECURE_HSTS_SECONDS	0
SECURE_PROXY_SSL_HEADER	None
SECURE_REDIRECT_EXEMPT	[]
SECURE_REFERRER_POLICY	'same-origin'
SECURE_SSL_HOST	None
SECURE_SSL_REDIRECT	False
SERVER_EMAIL	'root@localhost'
SESSION_CACHE_ALIAS	'default'
SESSION_COOKIE_AGE	1209600
SESSION_COOKIE_DOMAIN	None
SESSION_COOKIE_HTTPONLY	True
SESSION_COOKIE_NAME	'sessionid'
SESSION_COOKIE_PATH	'/'
SESSION_COOKIE_SAMESITE	'Lax'
SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE	False
SESSION_ENGINE	'django.contrib.sessions.backends.db'
SESSION_EXPIRE_AT_BROWSER_CLOSE	False
SESSION_FILE_PATH	None
SESSION_SAVE_EVERY_REQUEST	False
SESSION_SERIALIZER	'django.contrib.sessions.serializers.JSONSerializer'
SETTINGS_MODULE	'DRF.settings'
SHORT_DATETIME_FORMAT	'm/d/Y P'
SHORT_DATE_FORMAT	'm/d/Y'
SIGNING_BACKEND	'django.core.signing.TimestampSigner'
SILENCED_SYSTEM_CHECKS	[]
STATICFILES_DIRS	[]
STATICFILES_FINDERS	['django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.FileSystemFinder', 'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.AppDirectoriesFinder']
STATICFILES_STORAGE	'django.contrib.staticfiles.storage.StaticFilesStorage'
STATIC_ROOT	None
STATIC_URL	'/static/'
TEMPLATES	[{'APP_DIRS': True, 'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates', 'DIRS': [], 'OPTIONS': {'context_processors': ['django.template.context_processors.debug', 'django.template.context_processors.request', 'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth', 'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages']}}]
TEST_NON_SERIALIZED_APPS	[]
TEST_RUNNER	'django.test.runner.DiscoverRunner'
THOUSAND_SEPARATOR	','
TIME_FORMAT	'P'
TIME_INPUT_FORMATS	['%H:%M:%S', '%H:%M:%S.%f', '%H:%M']
TIME_ZONE	'Asia/Seoul'
USE_DEPRECATED_PYTZ	False
USE_I18N	True
USE_L10N	True
USE_THOUSAND_SEPARATOR	False
USE_TZ	True
USE_X_FORWARDED_HOST	False
USE_X_FORWARDED_PORT	False
WSGI_APPLICATION	'DRF.wsgi.application'
X_FRAME_OPTIONS	'DENY'
YEAR_MONTH_FORMAT	'F Y'

(drf) C:\Users\cswoo\OneDrive\Documents\DRF>http POST http://localhost:8000/ukstagram/posts/ message="23th post" is_public=true HTTP/1.1 500 Internal Server Error Content-Length: 125684 Content-Type: text/html Cross-Origin-Opener-Policy: same-origin Date: Fri, 22 Apr 2022 10:48:09 GMT Referrer-Policy: same-origin Server: WSGIServer/0.2 CPython/3.8.12 Vary: Cookie X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff X-Frame-Options: DENY ValueError at /ukstagram/posts/

ValueError at /ukstagram/posts/

Cannot assign "<django.contrib.auth.models.AnonymousUser object at 0x0000012F72D73C10>": "Post.author" must be a "User" instance.

Request Method:	POST
Request URL:	http://localhost:8000/ukstagram/posts/
Django Version:	4.0.4
Exception Type:	ValueError
Exception Value:	Cannot assign "<django.contrib.auth.models.AnonymousUser object at 0x0000012F72D73C10>": "Post.author" must be a "User" instance.
Exception Location:	C:\Users\cswoo\.conda\envs\drf\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\fields elated_descriptors.py, line 235, in __set__
Python Executable:	C:\Users\cswoo\.conda\envs\drf\python.exe
Python Version:	3.8.12
Python Path:	['C:\Users\cswoo\OneDrive\Documents\DRF', 'C:\Users\cswoo\.conda\envs\drf\python38.zip', 'C:\Users\cswoo\.conda\envs\drf\DLLs', 'C:\Users\cswoo\.conda\envs\drf\lib', 'C:\Users\cswoo\.conda\envs\drf', 'C:\Users\cswoo\AppData\Roaming\Python\Python38\site-packages', 'C:\Users\cswoo\.conda\envs\drf\lib\site-packages']
Server time:	Fri, 22 Apr 2022 19:48:09 +0900

Traceback Switch to copy-and-paste view

C:\Users\cswoo\.conda\envs\drf\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\exception.py, line 55, in inner

```
 return inner
```
```
 else:
```
```
 @wraps(get_response)
```
```
 def inner(request):
```
```
 try:
```

```
 response = get_response(request)
```
…

```
 except Exception as exc:
```

 response = response_for_exception(request, exc)

```
 return response
```
```
 return inner
```

Local vars

Variable

Value

exc

ValueError('Cannot assign "<django.contrib.auth.models.AnonymousUser object at 0x0000012F72D73C10>": "Post.author" must be a "User" instance.')< /pre>

get_response

<bound method BaseHandler._get_response of <django.core.handlers.wsgi.WSGIHandler object at 0x0000012F711EE7C0>>

request

<WSGIRequest: POST '/ukstagram/posts/'>

C:\Users\cswoo\.conda\envs\drf\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py, line 197, in _get_response

```
 if response is None:
```

 wrapped_callback = self.make_view_atomic(callback)

 # If it is an asynchronous view, run it in a subthread.

 if asyncio.iscoroutinefunction(wrapped_callback):

 wrapped_callback = async_to_sync(wrapped_callback)

```
 try:
```

 response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)

…

```
 except Exception as e:
```

 response = self.process_exception_by_middleware(e, request)

```
 if response is None:
```
```
 raise
```

 # Complain if the view returned None (a common error).

Local vars

Variable	Value
callback	<function PostViewSet at 0x0000012F72648940>
callback_args	()
callback_kwargs	{}
middleware_method	<bound method CsrfViewMiddleware.process_view of <CsrfViewMiddleware get_response=convert_exception_to_response.<locals>.inner>>
request	<WSGIRequest: POST '/ukstagram/posts/'>
response	None
self	<django.core.handlers.wsgi.WSGIHandler object at 0x0000012F711EE7C0>
wrapped_callback	<function PostViewSet at 0x0000012F72648940>

C:\Users\cswoo\.conda\envs\drf\lib\site-packages\django\views\decorators\csrf.py, line 54, in wrapped_view

```
def csrf_exempt(view_func):
```

 """Mark a view function as being exempt from the CSRF view protection."""

 # view_func.csrf_exempt = True would also work, but decorators are nicer

 # if they don't have side effects, so return a new function.

```
 def wrapped_view(*args, **kwargs):
```

```
 return view_func(*args, **kwargs)
```
…

```
 wrapped_view.csrf_exempt = True
```
```
 return wraps(view_func)(wrapped_view)
```

Local vars

Variable	Value
args	(<WSGIRequest: POST '/ukstagram/posts/'>,)
kwargs	{}
view_func	<function PostViewSet at 0x0000012F718C4700>

C:\Users\cswoo\.conda\envs\drf\lib\site-packages
est_framework\viewsets.py

, line 125, in view

```
 setattr(self, method, handler)
```
```
 self.request = request
```
```
 self.args = args
```
```
 self.kwargs = kwargs
```
```
 # And continue as usual
```

 return self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)

…

```
 # take name and docstring from class
```
```
 update_wrapper(view, cls, updated=())
```

 # and possible attributes set by decorators

```
 # like csrf_exempt from dispatch
```

Local vars

Variable	Value
action	'list'
actions	{'get': 'list', 'head': 'list', 'post': 'create'}
args	()
cls	<class 'ukstagram.views.PostViewSet'>
handler	<bound method ListModelMixin.list of <ukstagram.views.PostViewSet object at 0x0000012F72D73520>>
initkwargs	{'basename': 'posts', 'detail': False, 'suffix': 'List'}
kwargs	{}
method	'head'
request	<WSGIRequest: POST '/ukstagram/posts/'>
self	<ukstagram.views.PostViewSet object at 0x0000012F72D73520>

C:\Users\cswoo\.conda\envs\drf\lib\site-packages
est_framework\views.py

, line 509, in dispatch

```
 self.http_method_not_allowed)
```
```
 else:
```
```
 handler = self.http_method_not_allowed
```

 response = handler(request, *args, **kwargs)

```
 except Exception as exc:
```

```
 response = self.handle_exception(exc)
```
…

 self.response = self.finalize_response(request, response, *args, **kwargs)

```
 return self.response
```

 def options(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

```
 """
```

Local vars

Variable	Value
args	()
handler	<bound method CreateModelMixin.create of <ukstagram.views.PostViewSet object at 0x0000012F72D73520>>
kwargs	{}
request	<rest_framework.request.Request: POST '/ukstagram/posts/'>
self	<ukstagram.views.PostViewSet object at 0x0000012F72D73520>

C:\Users\cswoo\.conda\envs\drf\lib\site-packages
est_framework\views.py

, line 469, in handle_exception

 exception_handler = self.get_exception_handler()

 context = self.get_exception_handler_context()

 response = exception_handler(exc, context)

```
 if response is None:
```

```
 self.raise_uncaught_exception(exc)
```
…

```
 response.exception = True
```
```
 return response
```

 def raise_uncaught_exception(self, exc):

```
 if settings.DEBUG:
```

Local vars

Variable	Value
context	{'args': (), 'kwargs': {}, 'request': <rest_framework.request.Request: POST '/ukstagram/posts/'>, 'view': <ukstagram.views.PostViewSet object at 0x0000012F72D73520>}
exc	ValueError('Cannot assign "<django.contrib.auth.models.AnonymousUser object at 0x0000012F72D73C10>": "Post.author" must be a "User" instance.')< /pre>
exception_handler	<function exception_handler at 0x0000012F71E2B9D0>
response	None
self	<ukstagram.views.PostViewSet object at 0x0000012F72D73520>

C:\Users\cswoo\.conda\envs\drf\lib\site-packages
est_framework\views.py

, line 480, in raise_uncaught_exception

 def raise_uncaught_exception(self, exc):

```
 if settings.DEBUG:
```
```
 request = self.request
```

 renderer_format = getattr(request.accepted_renderer, 'format')

 use_plaintext_traceback = renderer_format not in ('html', 'api', 'admin')

 request.force_plaintext_errors(use_plaintext_traceback)

```
 raise exc
```
…

 # Note: Views are made CSRF exempt from within `as_view` as to prevent

 # accidental removal of this exemption in cases where `dispatch` needs to

```
 # be overridden.
```

 def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

```
 """
```

Local vars

Variable	Value
exc	ValueError('Cannot assign "<django.contrib.auth.models.AnonymousUser object at 0x0000012F72D73C10>": "Post.author" must be a "User" instance.')< /pre>
renderer_format	'json'
request	<rest_framework.request.Request: POST '/ukstagram/posts/'>
self	<ukstagram.views.PostViewSet object at 0x0000012F72D73520>
use_plaintext_traceback	True

C:\Users\cswoo\.conda\envs\drf\lib\site-packages
est_framework\views.py

, line 506, in dispatch

```
 # Get the appropriate handler method
```

 if request.method.lower() in self.http_method_names:

 handler = getattr(self, request.method.lower(),

```
 self.http_method_not_allowed)
```
```
 else:
```
```
 handler = self.http_method_not_allowed
```

 response = handler(request, *args, **kwargs)

…

```
 except Exception as exc:
```
```
 response = self.handle_exception(exc)
```

 self.response = self.finalize_response(request, response, *args, **kwargs)

```
 return self.response
```

Local vars

Variable	Value
args	()
handler	<bound method CreateModelMixin.create of <ukstagram.views.PostViewSet object at 0x0000012F72D73520>>
kwargs	{}
request	<rest_framework.request.Request: POST '/ukstagram/posts/'>
self	<ukstagram.views.PostViewSet object at 0x0000012F72D73520>

C:\Users\cswoo\.conda\envs\drf\lib\site-packages
est_framework\mixins.py

, line 19, in create

```
class CreateModelMixin:
```
```
 """
```
```
 Create a model instance.
```
```
 """
```

 def create(self, request, *args, **kwargs):

 serializer = self.get_serializer(data=request.data)

 serializer.is_valid(raise_exception=True)

```
 self.perform_create(serializer)
```
…

 headers = self.get_success_headers(serializer.data)

 return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED, headers=headers)

```
 def perform_create(self, serializer):
```
```
 serializer.save()
```

Local vars

Variable	Value
args	()
kwargs	{}
request	<rest_framework.request.Request: POST '/ukstagram/posts/'>
self	<ukstagram.views.PostViewSet object at 0x0000012F72D73520>
serializer	PostSerializer(context={'request': <rest_framework.request.Request: POST '/ukstagram/posts/'>, 'format': None, 'view': <ukstagram.views.PostV iewSet object>}, data={'message': '23th post', 'is_public': 'true'}): pk = IntegerField(label='ID', read_only=True) username = ReadOnlyField(source='author.username') message = CharField(style={'base_template': 'textarea.html'}) created_at = DateTimeField(read_only=True) updated_at = DateTimeField(read_only=True) is_public = BooleanField(required=False)

C:\Users\cswoo\OneDrive\Documents\DRF\ukstagram\views.py, line 46, in perform_create

 # serializer = self.get_serializer(data=request.data)

```
 # if serializer.is_valid():
```
```
 # serializer.save(author=request.user)
```

 # return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)

 # return Response(status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)

```
 def perform_create(self, serializer):
```

 serializer.save(author=self.request.user)

…

```
 @action(detail=False, methods=['GET'])
```
```
 def public(self, request):
```

 qs = self.get_queryset().filter(is_public=True)

 serializer = self.get_serializer(instance=qs, many=True)

```
 return Response(serializer.data)
```

Local vars

Variable

Value

self

<ukstagram.views.PostViewSet object at 0x0000012F72D73520>

serializer

PostSerializer(context={'request': <rest_framework.request.Request: POST '/ukstagram/posts/'>, 'format': None, 'view': <ukstagram.views.PostV iewSet object>}, data={'message': '23th post', 'is_public': 'true'}): pk = IntegerField(label='ID', read_only=True) username = ReadOnlyField(source='author.username') message = CharField(style={'base_template': 'textarea.html'}) created_at = DateTimeField(read_only=True) updated_at = DateTimeField(read_only=True) is_public = BooleanField(required=False)

C:\Users\cswoo\.conda\envs\drf\lib\site-packages
est_framework\serializers.py

, line 212, in save

```
 if self.instance is not None:
```

 self.instance = self.update(self.instance, validated_data)

```
 assert self.instance is not None, (
```

 '`update()` did not return an object instance.'

```
 )
```
```
 else:
```

 self.instance = self.create(validated_data)

…

```
 assert self.instance is not None, (
```

 '`create()` did not return an object instance.'

```
 )
```
```
 return self.instance
```

Local vars

Variable

Value

kwargs

{'author': <django.contrib.auth.models.AnonymousUser object at 0x0000012F72D73C10>}

self

PostSerializer(context={'request': <rest_framework.request.Request: POST '/ukstagram/posts/'>, 'format': None, 'view': <ukstagram.views.PostV iewSet object>}, data={'message': '23th post', 'is_public': 'true'}): pk = IntegerField(label='ID', read_only=True) username = ReadOnlyField(source='author.username') message = CharField(style={'base_template': 'textarea.html'}) created_at = DateTimeField(read_only=True) updated_at = DateTimeField(read_only=True) is_public = BooleanField(required=False)

validated_data

{'author': <django.contrib.auth.models.AnonymousUser object at 0x0000012F72D73C10>, 'is_public': True, 'message': '23th post'}

C:\Users\cswoo\.conda\envs\drf\lib\site-packages
est_framework\serializers.py

, line 962, in create

 info = model_meta.get_field_info(ModelClass)

```
 many_to_many = {}
```

 for field_name, relation_info in info.relations.items():

 if relation_info.to_many and (field_name in validated_data):

 many_to_many[field_name] = validated_data.pop(field_name)

```
 try:
```

 instance = ModelClass._default_manager.create(**validated_data)

…

```
 except TypeError:
```
```
 tb = traceback.format_exc()
```
```
 msg = (
```

 'Got a `TypeError` when calling `%s.%s.create()`. '

 'This may be because you have a writable field on the '

 'serializer class that is not a valid argument to '

Local vars

Variable	Value
ModelClass	<class 'ukstagram.models.Post'>
field_name	'author'
info	FieldResult(pk=<django.db.models.fields.BigAutoField: id>, fields=OrderedDict([('message', <django.db.models.fields.TextField: message>), ('created_at', <d jango.db.models.fields.DateTimeField: created_at>), ('updated_at', <django.db.models.fields.DateTimeField: updated_at>), ('is_public', <django.db.models.fields.BooleanField: is_public>)]), forward_ relations=OrderedDict([('author', RelationInfo(model_field=<django.db.models.fields.related.ForeignKey: author>, related_model=<class 'django.contrib.auth.models.User'>, to_many=False, to_field=None, has_through_model=False, reverse=False))]), reverse_relations=OrderedDict(), fields_and_pk=OrderedDict([('pk', <django.db.models.fields.BigAutoField: id>), ('id', <django.db.models.fields.BigAutoField: i d>), ('message', <django.db.models.fields.TextField: message>), ('created_at', <django.db.models.fields.DateTimeField: created_at>), ('updated_at', <django.db.models.fields.DateTimeFie ld: updated_at>), ('is_public', <django.db.models.fields.BooleanField: is_public>)]), relations=OrderedDict([('author', RelationInfo(model_field=<django.db.models.fields.related.ForeignKey: author> , related_model=<class 'django.contrib.auth.models.User'>, to_many=False, to_field=None, has_through_model=False, reverse=False))]))
many_to_many	{}
relation_info	RelationInfo(model_field=<django.db.models.fields.related.ForeignKey: author>, related_model=<class 'django.contrib.auth.models.User'>, to_many=False, to_field=None, ha s_through_model=False, reverse=False)
self	PostSerializer(context={'request': <rest_framework.request.Request: POST '/ukstagram/posts/'>, 'format': None, 'view': <ukstagram.views.PostV iewSet object>}, data={'message': '23th post', 'is_public': 'true'}): pk = IntegerField(label='ID', read_only=True) username = ReadOnlyField(source='author.username') message = CharField(style={'base_template': 'textarea.html'}) created_at = DateTimeField(read_only=True) updated_at = DateTimeField(read_only=True) is_public = BooleanField(required=False)
validated_data	{'author': <django.contrib.auth.models.AnonymousUser object at 0x0000012F72D73C10>, 'is_public': True, 'message': '23th post'}

C:\Users\cswoo\.conda\envs\drf\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\manager.py, line 85, in manager_method

```
 def check(self, **kwargs):
```
```
 return []
```
```
 @classmethod
```

 def _get_queryset_methods(cls, queryset_class):

```
 def create_method(name, method):
```

 def manager_method(self, *args, **kwargs):

 return getattr(self.get_queryset(), name)(*args, **kwargs)

…

 manager_method.__name__ = method.__name__

 manager_method.__doc__ = method.__doc__

```
 return manager_method
```
```
 new_methods = {}
```

Local vars

Variable	Value
args	()
kwargs	{'author': <django.contrib.auth.models.AnonymousUser object at 0x0000012F72D73C10>, 'is_public': True, 'message': '23th post'}
name	'create'
self	<django.db.models.manager.Manager object at 0x0000012F726530D0>

C:\Users\cswoo\.conda\envs\drf\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\query.py, line 512, in create

```
 )
```
```
 def create(self, **kwargs):
```
```
 """
```

 Create a new object with the given kwargs, saving it to the database

```
 and returning the created object.
```
```
 """
```

```
 obj = self.model(**kwargs)
```
…

```
 self._for_write = True
```

 obj.save(force_insert=True, using=self.db)

```
 return obj
```

 def _prepare_for_bulk_create(self, objs):

```
 for obj in objs:
```

Local vars

Variable

Value

kwargs

{'author': <django.contrib.auth.models.AnonymousUser object at 0x0000012F72D73C10>, 'is_public': True, 'message': '23th post'}

self

<QuerySet [<Post: Post object (1)>, <Post: Post object (2)>, <Post: Post object (3)>, <Post: Post object (4)>, <Post: Post object (5)>, <Post: Post object (6)>, <Post: Post object (7)>, <Post: Post object (8)>, <Post: Post object (10)>, <Post: Post object (11)>, <Post: Post object (12)>, <Post: Post object (13)>, <Post: Post object (14)>, <Post: Post object (15)>, <Post: Post object (16)>, <Post: Post object (17)>, <Post: Post object (18)>, <Post: Post object (19)>, <Post: Post object (20)>, <Post: Post object (21)>, '.. .(remaining elements truncated)...']>

C:\Users\cswoo\.conda\envs\drf\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py, line 541, in __init__

```
 if is_related_object:
```

 # If we are passed a related instance, set it using the

 # field.name instead of field.attname (e.g. "user" instead of

 # "user_id") so that the object gets properly cached (and type

 # checked) by the RelatedObjectDescriptor.

```
 if rel_obj is not _DEFERRED:
```

```
 _setattr(self, field.name, rel_obj)
```
…

```
 else:
```
```
 if val is not _DEFERRED:
```
```
 _setattr(self, field.attname, val)
```
```
 if kwargs:
```
```
 property_names = opts._property_names
```

Local vars

Variable	Value
_DEFERRED	<Deferred field>
__class__	<class 'django.db.models.base.Model'>
_setattr	<built-in function setattr>
args	()
cls	<class 'ukstagram.models.Post'>
field	<django.db.models.fields.related.ForeignKey: author>
fields_iter	<tuple_iterator object at 0x0000012F72D73D60>
is_related_object	True
kwargs	{'is_public': True, 'message': '23th post'}
opts	<Options for Post>
rel_obj	<django.contrib.auth.models.AnonymousUser object at 0x0000012F72D73C10>
self	<Post: Post object (None)>
val	None

C:\Users\cswoo\.conda\envs\drf\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\fields
elated_descriptors.py

, line 235, in __set__

 - ``instance`` is the ``child`` instance

 - ``value`` is the ``parent`` instance on the right of the equal sign

```
 """
```

 # An object must be an instance of the related class.

 if value is not None and not isinstance(

 value, self.field.remote_field.model._meta.concrete_model

```
 ):
```

```
 raise ValueError(
```
…

 'Cannot assign "%r": "%s.%s" must be a "%s" instance.'

```
 % (
```
```
 value,
```
```
 instance._meta.object_name,
```
```
 self.field.name,
```

 self.field.remote_field.model._meta.object_name,

Local vars

Variable	Value
instance	<Post: Post object (None)>
self	<django.db.models.fields.related_descriptors.ForwardManyToOneDescriptor object at 0x0000012F717A5670>
value	<django.contrib.auth.models.AnonymousUser object at 0x0000012F72D73C10>

Environment: Request Method: POST Request URL: http://localhost:8000/ukstagram/posts/ Django Version: 4.0.4 Python Version: 3.8.12 Installed Applications: ['django.contrib.admin', 'django.contrib.auth', 'django.contrib.contenttypes', 'django.contrib.sessions', 'django.contrib.messages', 'django.contrib.staticfiles', 'rest_framework', 'ukstagram'] Installed Middleware: ['django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware', 'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware', 'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware', 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware', 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware', 'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware', 'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware'] Traceback (most recent call last): File "C:\Users\cswoo\.conda\envs\drf\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\exception.py", line 55, in inner response = get_response(request) File "C:\Users\cswoo\.conda\envs\drf\lib\site-packages\django\core\handlers\base.py", line 197, in _get_response response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs) File "C:\Users\cswoo\.conda\envs\drf\lib\site-packages\django\views\decorators\csrf.py", line 54, in wrapped_view return view_func(*args, **kwargs) File "C:\Users\cswoo\.conda\envs\drf\lib\site-packages
est_framework\viewsets.py", line 125, in view return self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs) File "C:\Users\cswoo\.conda\envs\drf\lib\site-packages
est_framework\views.py", line 509, in dispatch response = self.handle_exception(exc) File "C:\Users\cswoo\.conda\envs\drf\lib\site-packages
est_framework\views.py", line 469, in handle_exception self.raise_uncaught_exception(exc) File "C:\Users\cswoo\.conda\envs\drf\lib\site-packages
est_framework\views.py", line 480, in raise_uncaught_exception raise exc File "C:\Users\cswoo\.conda\envs\drf\lib\site-packages
est_framework\views.py", line 506, in dispatch response = handler(request, *args, **kwargs) File "C:\Users\cswoo\.conda\envs\drf\lib\site-packages
est_framework\mixins.py", line 19, in create self.perform_create(serializer) File "C:\Users\cswoo\OneDrive\Documents\DRF\ukstagram\views.py", line 46, in perform_create serializer.save(author=self.request.user) File "C:\Users\cswoo\.conda\envs\drf\lib\site-packages
est_framework\serializers.py", line 212, in save self.instance = self.create(validated_data) File "C:\Users\cswoo\.conda\envs\drf\lib\site-packages
est_framework\serializers.py", line 962, in create instance = ModelClass._default_manager.create(**validated_data) File "C:\Users\cswoo\.conda\envs\drf\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\manager.py", line 85, in manager_method return getattr(self.get_queryset(), name)(*args, **kwargs) File "C:\Users\cswoo\.conda\envs\drf\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\query.py", line 512, in create obj = self.model(**kwargs) File "C:\Users\cswoo\.conda\envs\drf\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\base.py", line 541, in __init__ _setattr(self, field.name, rel_obj) File "C:\Users\cswoo\.conda\envs\drf\lib\site-packages\django\db\models\fields
elated_descriptors.py", line 235, in __set__ raise ValueError( Exception Type: ValueError at /ukstagram/posts/ Exception Value: Cannot assign "<django.contrib.auth.models.AnonymousUser object at 0x0000012F72D73C10>": "Post.author" must be a "User" instance.

Request information

USER

AnonymousUser

GET

No GET data

POST

No POST data

FILES

No FILES data

No cookie data

Settings

Using settings module `DRF.settings`

You’re seeing this error because you have DEBUG = True in your Django settings file. Change that to False, and Django will display a standard page generated by the handler for this status code.

Setting	Value
ABSOLUTE_URL_OVERRIDES	{}
ADMINS	[]
ALLOWED_HOSTS	[]
APPEND_SLASH	True
AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS	['django.contrib.auth.backends.ModelBackend']
AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS	'********************'
AUTH_USER_MODEL	'auth.User'
BASE_DIR	WindowsPath('C:/Users/cswoo/OneDrive/Documents/DRF')
CACHES	{'default': {'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.locmem.LocMemCache'}}
CACHE_MIDDLEWARE_ALIAS	'default'
CACHE_MIDDLEWARE_KEY_PREFIX	'********************'
CACHE_MIDDLEWARE_SECONDS	600
CSRF_COOKIE_AGE	31449600
CSRF_COOKIE_DOMAIN	None
CSRF_COOKIE_HTTPONLY	False
CSRF_COOKIE_NAME	'csrftoken'
CSRF_COOKIE_PATH	'/'
CSRF_COOKIE_SAMESITE	'Lax'
CSRF_COOKIE_SECURE	False
CSRF_FAILURE_VIEW	'django.views.csrf.csrf_failure'
CSRF_HEADER_NAME	'HTTP_X_CSRFTOKEN'
CSRF_TRUSTED_ORIGINS	[]
CSRF_USE_SESSIONS	False
DATABASES	{'default': {'ATOMIC_REQUESTS': False, 'AUTOCOMMIT': True, 'CONN_MAX_AGE': 0, 'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3', 'HOST': '', 'NAME': WindowsPath('C:/Users/cswoo/OneDrive/Documents/DRF/db.sqlite3'), 'OPTIONS': {}, 'PASSWORD': '********************', 'PORT': '', 'TEST': {'CHARSET': None, 'COLLATION': None, 'MIGRATE': True, 'MIRROR': None, 'NAME': None}, 'TIME_ZONE': None, 'USER': ''}}
DATABASE_ROUTERS	[]
DATA_UPLOAD_MAX_MEMORY_SIZE	2621440
DATA_UPLOAD_MAX_NUMBER_FIELDS	1000
DATETIME_FORMAT	'N j, Y, P'
DATETIME_INPUT_FORMATS	['%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f', '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M', '%m/%d/%Y %H:%M:%S', '%m/%d/%Y %H:%M:%S.%f', '%m/%d/%Y %H:%M', '%m/%d/%y %H:%M:%S', '%m/%d/%y %H:%M:%S.%f', '%m/%d/%y %H:%M']
DATE_FORMAT	'N j, Y'
DATE_INPUT_FORMATS	['%Y-%m-%d', '%m/%d/%Y', '%m/%d/%y', '%b %d %Y', '%b %d, %Y', '%d %b %Y', '%d %b, %Y', '%B %d %Y', '%B %d, %Y', '%d %B %Y', '%d %B, %Y']
DEBUG	True
DEBUG_PROPAGATE_EXCEPTIONS	False
DECIMAL_SEPARATOR	'.'
DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD	'django.db.models.BigAutoField'
DEFAULT_CHARSET	'utf-8'
DEFAULT_EXCEPTION_REPORTER	'django.views.debug.ExceptionReporter'
DEFAULT_EXCEPTION_REPORTER_FILTER	'django.views.debug.SafeExceptionReporterFilter'
DEFAULT_FILE_STORAGE	'django.core.files.storage.FileSystemStorage'
DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL	'webmaster@localhost'
DEFAULT_INDEX_TABLESPACE	''
DEFAULT_TABLESPACE	''
DISALLOWED_USER_AGENTS	[]
EMAIL_BACKEND	'django.core.mail.backends.smtp.EmailBackend'
EMAIL_HOST	'localhost'
EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD	'********************'
EMAIL_HOST_USER	''
EMAIL_PORT	25
EMAIL_SSL_CERTFILE	None
EMAIL_SSL_KEYFILE	'********************'
EMAIL_SUBJECT_PREFIX	'[Django] '
EMAIL_TIMEOUT	None
EMAIL_USE_LOCALTIME	False
EMAIL_USE_SSL	False
EMAIL_USE_TLS	False
FILE_UPLOAD_DIRECTORY_PERMISSIONS	None
FILE_UPLOAD_HANDLERS	['django.core.files.uploadhandler.MemoryFileUploadHandler', 'django.core.files.uploadhandler.TemporaryFileUploadHandler']
FILE_UPLOAD_MAX_MEMORY_SIZE	2621440
FILE_UPLOAD_PERMISSIONS	420
FILE_UPLOAD_TEMP_DIR	None
FIRST_DAY_OF_WEEK	0
FIXTURE_DIRS	[]
FORCE_SCRIPT_NAME	None
FORMAT_MODULE_PATH	None
FORM_RENDERER	'django.forms.renderers.DjangoTemplates'
IGNORABLE_404_URLS	[]
INSTALLED_APPS	['django.contrib.admin', 'django.contrib.auth', 'django.contrib.contenttypes', 'django.contrib.sessions', 'django.contrib.messages', 'django.contrib.staticfiles', 'rest_framework', 'ukstagram']
INTERNAL_IPS	[]
LANGUAGES	[('af', 'Afrikaans'), ('ar', 'Arabic'), ('ar-dz', 'Algerian Arabic'), ('ast', 'Asturian'), ('az', 'Azerbaijani'), ('bg', 'Bulgarian'), ('be', 'Belarusian'), ('bn', 'Bengali'), ('br', 'Breton'), ('bs', 'Bosnian'), ('ca', 'Catalan'), ('cs', 'Czech'), ('cy', 'Welsh'), ('da', 'Danish'), ('de', 'German'), ('dsb', 'Lower Sorbian'), ('el', 'Greek'), ('en', 'English'), ('en-au', 'Australian English'), ('en-gb', 'British English'), ('eo', 'Esperanto'), ('es', 'Spanish'), ('es-ar', 'Argentinian Spanish'), ('es-co', 'Colombian Spanish'), ('es-mx', 'Mexican Spanish'), ('es-ni', 'Nicaraguan Spanish'), ('es-ve', 'Venezuelan Spanish'), ('et', 'Estonian'), ('eu', 'Basque'), ('fa', 'Persian'), ('fi', 'Finnish'), ('fr', 'French'), ('fy', 'Frisian'), ('ga', 'Irish'), ('gd', 'Scottish Gaelic'), ('gl', 'Galician'), ('he', 'Hebrew'), ('hi', 'Hindi'), ('hr', 'Croatian'), ('hsb', 'Upper Sorbian'), ('hu', 'Hungarian'), ('hy', 'Armenian'), ('ia', 'Interlingua'), ('id', 'Indonesian'), ('ig', 'Igbo'), ('io', 'Ido'), ('is', 'Icelandic'), ('it', 'Italian'), ('ja', 'Japanese'), ('ka', 'Georgian'), ('kab', 'Kabyle'), ('kk', 'Kazakh'), ('km', 'Khmer'), ('kn', 'Kannada'), ('ko', 'Korean'), ('ky', 'Kyrgyz'), ('lb', 'Luxembourgish'), ('lt', 'Lithuanian'), ('lv', 'Latvian'), ('mk', 'Macedonian'), ('ml', 'Malayalam'), ('mn', 'Mongolian'), ('mr', 'Marathi'), ('ms', 'Malay'), ('my', 'Burmese'), ('nb', 'Norwegian Bokmål'), ('ne', 'Nepali'), ('nl', 'Dutch'), ('nn', 'Norwegian Nynorsk'), ('os', 'Ossetic'), ('pa', 'Punjabi'), ('pl', 'Polish'), ('pt', 'Portuguese'), ('pt-br', 'Brazilian Portuguese'), ('ro', 'Romanian'), ('ru', 'Russian'), ('sk', 'Slovak'), ('sl', 'Slovenian'), ('sq', 'Albanian'), ('sr', 'Serbian'), ('sr-latn', 'Serbian Latin'), ('sv', 'Swedish'), ('sw', 'Swahili'), ('ta', 'Tamil'), ('te', 'Telugu'), ('tg', 'Tajik'), ('th', 'Thai'), ('tk', 'Turkmen'), ('tr', 'Turkish'), ('tt', 'Tatar'), ('udm', 'Udmurt'), ('uk', 'Ukrainian'), ('ur', 'Urdu'), ('uz', 'Uzbek'), ('vi', 'Vietnamese'), ('zh-hans', 'Simplified Chinese'), ('zh-hant', 'Traditional Chinese')]
LANGUAGES_BIDI	['he', 'ar', 'ar-dz', 'fa', 'ur']
LANGUAGE_CODE	'en-us'
LANGUAGE_COOKIE_AGE	None
LANGUAGE_COOKIE_DOMAIN	None
LANGUAGE_COOKIE_HTTPONLY	False
LANGUAGE_COOKIE_NAME	'django_language'
LANGUAGE_COOKIE_PATH	'/'
LANGUAGE_COOKIE_SAMESITE	None
LANGUAGE_COOKIE_SECURE	False
LOCALE_PATHS	[]
LOGGING	{}
LOGGING_CONFIG	'logging.config.dictConfig'
LOGIN_REDIRECT_URL	'/accounts/profile/'
LOGIN_URL	'/accounts/login/'
LOGOUT_REDIRECT_URL	None
MANAGERS	[]
MEDIA_ROOT	''
MEDIA_URL	'/'
MESSAGE_STORAGE	'django.contrib.messages.storage.fallback.FallbackStorage'
MIDDLEWARE	['django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware', 'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware', 'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware', 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware', 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware', 'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware', 'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware']
MIGRATION_MODULES	{}
MONTH_DAY_FORMAT	'F j'
NUMBER_GROUPING	0
PASSWORD_HASHERS	'********************'
PASSWORD_RESET_TIMEOUT	'********************'
PREPEND_WWW	False
ROOT_URLCONF	'DRF.urls'
SECRET_KEY	'********************'
SECURE_CONTENT_TYPE_NOSNIFF	True
SECURE_CROSS_ORIGIN_OPENER_POLICY	'same-origin'
SECURE_HSTS_INCLUDE_SUBDOMAINS	False
SECURE_HSTS_PRELOAD	False
SECURE_HSTS_SECONDS	0
SECURE_PROXY_SSL_HEADER	None
SECURE_REDIRECT_EXEMPT	[]
SECURE_REFERRER_POLICY	'same-origin'
SECURE_SSL_HOST	None
SECURE_SSL_REDIRECT	False
SERVER_EMAIL	'root@localhost'
SESSION_CACHE_ALIAS	'default'
SESSION_COOKIE_AGE	1209600
SESSION_COOKIE_DOMAIN	None
SESSION_COOKIE_HTTPONLY	True
SESSION_COOKIE_NAME	'sessionid'
SESSION_COOKIE_PATH	'/'
SESSION_COOKIE_SAMESITE	'Lax'
SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE	False
SESSION_ENGINE	'django.contrib.sessions.backends.db'
SESSION_EXPIRE_AT_BROWSER_CLOSE	False
SESSION_FILE_PATH	None
SESSION_SAVE_EVERY_REQUEST	False
SESSION_SERIALIZER	'django.contrib.sessions.serializers.JSONSerializer'
SETTINGS_MODULE	'DRF.settings'
SHORT_DATETIME_FORMAT	'm/d/Y P'
SHORT_DATE_FORMAT	'm/d/Y'
SIGNING_BACKEND	'django.core.signing.TimestampSigner'
SILENCED_SYSTEM_CHECKS	[]
STATICFILES_DIRS	[]
STATICFILES_FINDERS	['django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.FileSystemFinder', 'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.AppDirectoriesFinder']
STATICFILES_STORAGE	'django.contrib.staticfiles.storage.StaticFilesStorage'
STATIC_ROOT	None
STATIC_URL	'/static/'
TEMPLATES	[{'APP_DIRS': True, 'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates', 'DIRS': [], 'OPTIONS': {'context_processors': ['django.template.context_processors.debug', 'django.template.context_processors.request', 'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth', 'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages']}}]
TEST_NON_SERIALIZED_APPS	[]
TEST_RUNNER	'django.test.runner.DiscoverRunner'
THOUSAND_SEPARATOR	','
TIME_FORMAT	'P'
TIME_INPUT_FORMATS	['%H:%M:%S', '%H:%M:%S.%f', '%H:%M']
TIME_ZONE	'Asia/Seoul'
USE_DEPRECATED_PYTZ	False
USE_I18N	True
USE_L10N	True
USE_THOUSAND_SEPARATOR	False
USE_TZ	True
USE_X_FORWARDED_HOST	False

최성욱 · Answer

그렇군요. 한번 해보겠습니다!

이진석 · Answer

안녕하세요. 서버에서 요청 처리 중에 예기치못한 오류가 발생하면 오류 응답을 받게 됩니다. settings.DEBUG 를 끈다고 해서 오류가 사라지는 것은 아닙니다. 단지 오류응답이 자세하지않을 뿐입니다. 오류 메세지에 답이 있습니다. 절대 상상하지 마세요. 원인을 파악하는 연습이 필요합니다. DEBUG 옵션을 켜주시구요. 오류가 발생하는 httpie 명령의 출력은, 서버에서 받은 그대로 html 포맷일 것입니다. 이를 파일로 저장하여 웹브라우저로 보시면 에러내용을 파악하시기 용이하실 것입니다. http 수행하신 명령 > error.html 위와 같이 명령을 수행하시면 에러 내용이 지정 파일에 저장이 됩니다. 생성된 파일을 윈도우 탐색기에서 더블클릭하여 열어서 오류 내용을 확인해보세요. 화이팅입니다. :-)