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The Fundamentals of AI Agents: From LLM Principles to AI Agent Design and Practice

How much can you entrust to an AI Agent? IBM engineers answer with evidence they’ve put to the test, covering everything from LLM fundamentals to vendor-specific design, security, and evaluation—and help you create a Skill to take over your work.

3 learners are taking this course

Level Beginner

Course period Unlimited

multi-agent
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What you will gain after the course

  • Understand how LLMs are trained and generate answers, as well as their limitations, such as hallucinations.

  • Learn the differences between RAG, workflows, and agents, and how to choose the right approach for each task.

  • Understand agent tool calls, memory, permissions, termination conditions, and execution logs.

  • Learn how to give an Agent a request that includes the desired outcome, an example, and a way to verify it.

  • We compare the Agent architectures and design approaches of OpenAI, Anthropic, IBM, and Meta.

  • Distinguish the roles and connection methods of MCP, Connector, Skill, and A2A.

  • We examine security risks such as prompt injection, data leakage, and access control.

  • Analyze the failure modes of agents and compare the results of various architectures against evaluation criteria.

  • Understand the memory, GPU, concurrent usage, and operating environment required to run the model.

  • Organize repetitive tasks and create your own Skill to try out.

If you've tried AI agents but aren't sure how much you can entrust to them

Giving tasks to ChatGPT or Claude is certainly convenient. But no one takes the time to explain whether you can trust the results, whether you can use them for work, and when a person should step in.

This course fills that gap from beginning to end. Starting with the basics so even those new to AI can follow along, by the end, you’ll have handed off one of your tasks to an AI Agent.


An IBM AI engineer working in the field teaches only what they’ve done firsthand.

  • WISE iTech — Developed BI/DW solutions (WISE Intelligence) · 2019~2022

  • KT DS — ITO Operations, OSS AI vTF Tech Lead · 2022~2026

  • IBM Korea — AI Engineer · Present

Over the past eight years, I’ve built solutions, operated systems at large organizations, and brought AI to clients. I’ve reorganized what I learned firsthand in the field, not theory from books into a sequence designed for beginners.


Like the gold standard in math, see it through to the end with this one course.

From how LLMs generate answers to the structures of RAG and Agents, how to delegate tasks, security and failure, and the machines brought into companies. We’ve compiled 14 chapters, 178 lessons, and 12 hours into five volumes.

Volume 1  What Is It?

Volume 2  How to Delegate

Volume 3  Where It Breaks Down and How to Protect It

Volume 4  Put it to the test on real things

Volume 5  What Grows Old, and What Remains

True to form, it covers everything, through advanced topics, without missing a thing.

Just as The Art of Mathematics covers everything from the basics to advanced skills in one book, this course doesn’t stop at introducing concepts. In lessons with decimal numbers in their titles (L02.1, L02.11 …), we dig deeper, one step at a time. There are 55 of these advanced lessons alone.

  • Inside the Model — tokens and embeddings, transformers and weights, from pretraining to RLHF and reasoning models, how the next word is selected, and temperature

  • How to Run Models — the computers that run large models, quantization, memory used by long conversations, and models that are bigger yet faster

  • How search works — chunking, embedding dimensions and input limits, encoders and decoders, hybrid search and reranking, GraphRAG, fine-tuning and RAG

  • Agent Design — Agent Loops and replanning, Sub-Agent lifecycles, Context Engineering and Compaction, golden sets, Guardrails and Human-in-the-Loop, Traces and Observability

  • The realities of operations — counting concurrent users, GPUs and NPUs, CUDA, Ollama, and vLLM


You don’t have to memorize it; seeing it with your own eyes makes it stick.

We first show difficult concepts as 3D scenes. How each vendor divides up agents, what determines speed on the chips that run models, where security incidents leak out — experience it visually first, then put names to it.

By the end, you'll have an Agent to take on your work.

In the final project, you’ll document your work through an interview and build a Skill to take on that work yourself. Try delegating one task you do every week—reports, emails, or organizing materials—from start to finish. Practice materials are included.

Once you learn about Agents, you can do things like this.

Things the instructor created alone with AI Agents

This isn’t a course that teaches you how to make things. It’s someone who’s entrusted AI with this much work talking about how to delegate.

Music Video “Ladder to the Moon”

Claude + Remotion + ACE-Step

The video is made with code, and the music with a local music model.
Three minutes with two children climbing a ladder that stretches all the way to the moon.

Music Video “Slow Reply”

Claude + ChatGPT + Wan2.2 + ACE-Step

Image → video → song, a different model at each step.
Two and a half minutes of waiting for a reply at night.

Game “Moonlight Night Market”

Claude Code + Unity 6

3D assets are created locally with TRELLIS.2 + Meta DINOv3, and the music is made with ACE-Step.
A co-op game where four friends roam the night market together.

Game “maxmax” (working title)

Claude + Codex + Unity 6

3D assets are created locally with TRELLIS.2 + Meta DINOv3, and music with ACE-Step.
A co-op game where you build a house by day and defend it by night.

Game “RECLAIM WORKS” (working title)

Claude + Codex + Unreal Engine 5

An industrial-zone game about bringing abandoned equipment back to life.

3D Video “The Work That Remains”

Claude + Blender

A 3D video introducing the book, created by controlling Blender with code.

What You’ll Learn in Five Volumes

14 chapters, 178 videos, 12 hours.
Each volume answers one question.


Book 1  ·  Chapters 0–3

What is this?

Chapter 1  How are LLMs
built, and how do they answer?

From tokens to weights,
see for yourself through an experiment you train yourself.

Chapter 2  RAG · Workflow · Agent

From RAG, which finds answers in documents,
to the moments when an Agent is essential.

Chapter 3  A Look Inside One Agent

Tool calling · Memory · Replanning,
inside the Agent is revealed.

Chapter 0 Prologue — How a one-line request becomes an Agent.


Volume 2  ·  Chapters 4–6

How to Delegate

Chapter 4  How to Work with Agents

Rather than listing steps, provide
the desired outcome · an example · how to verify it.

Chapter 5  Vendor Strategies and the 2026 Market

OpenAI · Anthropic · IBM · Meta
We compare the designs of all four companies side by side.

Chapter 6  MCP · Connector ·
Skill · A2A

Connect agents to the outside world,
and bundle recurring instructions into a Skill.


Volume 3  ·  Chapters 7–9

Where It Falls Apart and How to Protect It

Chapter 7  AI Security

From prompt injection and data leaks
to impersonation using synthetic voices.

Chapter 8  Reality, Failure, and Evaluation

The wrong tool, the lost context.
What happens after the demo.

Chapter 9  The Same Task, Four Architectures

We apply four architectures to the same task and
measure and compare them.


Volume 4  ·  Chapters 10–12

Try It on Real-World Objects

Chapter 10  The Machine That Runs the Model

How many people can use it at the same time?
Memory · GPU and NPU · vLLM

Chapter 11  Factory Anatomy

A blueprint of the workflow on a single laptop.
A different model for each area, and a place for the human.

Chapter 12  Capstone Project

Organize your work through an interview,
and create a custom Skill to handle it.

Volume 5  ·  Chapter 13

What Becomes Outdated, and What Remains?

As models improve, we’ll think together about what disappears and what remains,
and what we should hold on to going forward.


Throughout the course, we return to one question.

What should we delegate, and where should we draw the line?

What you’ll be able to do after completing the course

01

explain it

How a model generates answers,
why it gets them wrong,
and what an Agent adds.

02

Delegate confidently.

One of your tasks that comes around every week,

all the way through.

03

Judge what to entrust to it and where to stop.

What to delegate
and where to draw the line,
based on measured evidence.


What makes this course different

What we measured, exactly as measured

The figures in the course are records measured
by running them directly on the instructor’s computer.
Even when they differ from expectations, we leave them as they are.

The name comes after the experience

We won’t throw unfamiliar terms at you upfront.
You’ll experience them through examples first,
then learn their names.

Stories from the Field

A GPU server deployed at a client site with no external network access,
a music video and a game created by the instructor alone.
These are real stories.

What you’ll have when you’re done

Through interviews, create
one Skill that takes on your work,
then use it and refine it.


What this course is not

This is not a tutorial on how to use the buttons.

The button names differ from program to program, but the
places to delegate, check, and stop are the same.
We’ll look at those places.

This is not a coding course.

You won’t write any code.
Together, we’ll read the results
measured by running the program on screen.


Recommended for people like these

01   Those who want to understand AI and LLMs in sequence, from their fundamentals to Agents

02   Those considering which structure best suits their work among RAG, Workflow, Single Agent, and Multi-Agent

03   Those who want to compare the Agent architectures and design approaches of major vendors (Anthropic, OpenAI, IBM, Meta)

04   Developers and practitioners considering AI adoption who need to examine security, evaluation, infrastructure, and operating costs

05   Those who want to create their own Skills for repetitive tasks

How to navigate this course

How to read lesson numbers

CH01 L02.41 is lesson L02.41 in Chapter 1.
Whole numbers (L02) indicate the main thread; adding a decimal point means exploring that thread in greater depth.
L02 → L02.4 → L02.41


Recommended order

If this is your first time, go through the chapters in order from the beginning. Later chapters build on the terminology introduced earlier.
If you already understand the principles, start with Chapter 3; if you want to try things out right away, start with Chapter 4;
if you need to decide whether to adopt this at your company, you can start with Chapters 7, 8, or 10.
Wherever you start, try to make it through Chapter 12.


Problem at the end of the part

There is usually a short question at the end of each section.
Choose an answer and move on. It’s okay to get it wrong.


Practice Materials

Chapter 4 L14 · Chapter 6 L03.3 · Chapter 9 L01 · Chapter 12 L01 You can download it from the “Course Materials” section of the lessons.
It includes templates for the meeting notes, grading rubrics, and design documents used in the exercises.


Subtitles

All videos have Korean subtitles.


Please check before enrolling

This course explains everything from the basics so even those new to AI or programming can follow along.
You won’t enter code yourself; the exercises use the Claude app.
The availability and cost of some features may vary depending on the service and plan.


The numbers in the course are records measured firsthand on the instructor’s computer and in the field in fall 2026.
Since model and product details change quickly, we’ve included dates with information that may change.

Recommended for
these people

Who is this course right for?

  • Developers and non-developer professionals who want to integrate AI agents into their work

  • For those who have tried using Agent but aren’t sure why it makes mistakes or how much they can rely on it.

  • Those who want to compare Agent architectures by vendor and Multi-Agent design approaches

  • For those considering AI adoption in their organization and thinking through security, evaluation, and infrastructure.

  • Those who want to create their own Skill for repetitive tasks

Need to know before starting?

  • You don’t need to know anything about AI or programming. We start from the very beginning, and you won’t have to write any code yourself.

  • I’ll demonstrate the hands-on portion using the Claude app. File attachments and the availability and pricing of some features may vary depending on the tools and plan you use.

Hello
This is seojheasdw

Career Verified

Hello, I’m developer Seo Je-ho.

I have developed and operated enterprise systems in the telecommunications and public sectors. My experience ranges from backend development with Java and Spring to frontend development with Vue.js and TypeScript, as well as Python automation and data processing.

At KT DS, I served as the OSS AI vTF leader and an internal instructor, applying RAG and AI technologies in practice and training others. I also contributed to the design and development of a Graph RAG system for organizational knowledge search and an AI development automation platform.

Experience

• Present) IBM Korea — Development (2026.02~Present)

• Formerly at KT DS — ITO Operations and OSS AI vTF Lead (2022.11~2026.02)

• Formerly at WISEiTEC — R&D Product Development (2019.07~2022.04)

Public model: https://huggingface.co/SeoJHeasdw/ktds-vue-code-search-reranker-ko

GitHub: https://github.com/SeoJHeasdw

More

Curriculum

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178 lectures ∙ (11hr 59min)

Course Materials:

Lecture resources
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