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file-loader를 이용한 백그라운드 이미지 불러오기 관련 질문 드립니다
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안녕하세요 수업 내용대로 file-loader를 이용하여 백그라운드 이미지를 불러오는 실습을 진행하다가 에러가 발생하여 질문 드립니다.
강의에서는 file-loader를 사용하지 않고 .css 파일에서 style-loader와 css-loader만 사용하고 빌드했을 경우에는 에러가 나야하는데 저는 에러가 나지 않고 브라우저에서 열어 봤을 때에 바로 백그라운드 이미지가 나옵니다.
또한 file-loader가 포함된 코드를 webpack.config.js에 추가했을때에는 빌드는 잘 되는데 오히려 브라우저에서 백그라운드 이미지가 나오지 않습니다.
style-loader와 css-loader에서 file-loader의 역할을 대신해주도록 업데이트가 된걸까요..?
아래에 패키지 버전과 코드를 남겨드립니다.
패키지 버전
"dependencies": {
"css-loader": "^6.2.0",
"file-loader": "^6.2.0",
"style-loader": "^3.2.1"
}
}
app.js
import * as math from './math.js'
import './app.css'
console.log(math.sum(1,2));
app.css
body {
background-image: url(bg.png);
}
webpack.config.js (백그라운드 이미지 뜨는 경우)
const path = require('path');
module.exports = {
mode: 'development',
entry: {
main: './src/app.js'
},
output: {
path: path.resolve('./dist'),
filename: '[name].js'
},
module: {
rules: [
{
test: /\.css$/,
use: [
'style-loader',
'css-loader'
]
},
]
}
}
webpack.config.js (백그라운드 이미지 뜨지 않는 경우)
const path = require('path');
module.exports = {
mode: 'development',
entry: {
main: './src/app.js'
},
output: {
path: path.resolve('./dist'),
filename: '[name].js'
},
module: {
rules: [
{
test: /\.css$/,
use: [
'style-loader',
'css-loader'
]
},
{
test: /\.png$/, // .png 확장자로 마치는 모든 파일
loader: "file-loader",
options: {
publicPath: "./dist/", // prefix를 아웃풋 경로로 지정
name: "[name].[ext]?[hash]", // 파일명 형식
},
},
]
}
}
아래와 같은 코드에서 빌드했을 때에 dist/main.js 코드 입니다.
/*
* ATTENTION: The "eval" devtool has been used (maybe by default in mode: "development").
* This devtool is neither made for production nor for readable output files.
* It uses "eval()" calls to create a separate source file in the browser devtools.
* If you are trying to read the output file, select a different devtool (https://webpack.js.org/configuration/devtool/)
* or disable the default devtool with "devtool: false".
* If you are looking for production-ready output files, see mode: "production" (https://webpack.js.org/configuration/mode/).
*/
/******/ (() => { // webpackBootstrap
/******/ "use strict";
/******/ var __webpack_modules__ = ({
/***/ "./node_modules/css-loader/dist/cjs.js!./src/app.css":
/*!***********************************************************!*\
!*** ./node_modules/css-loader/dist/cjs.js!./src/app.css ***!
\***********************************************************/
/***/ ((module, __webpack_exports__, __webpack_require__) => {
eval("__webpack_require__.r(__webpack_exports__);\n/* harmony export */ __webpack_require__.d(__webpack_exports__, {\n/* harmony export */ \"default\": () => (__WEBPACK_DEFAULT_EXPORT__)\n/* harmony export */ });\n/* harmony import */ var _node_modules_css_loader_dist_runtime_api_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_0__ = __webpack_require__(/*! ../node_modules/css-loader/dist/runtime/api.js */ \"./node_modules/css-loader/dist/runtime/api.js\");\n/* harmony import */ var _node_modules_css_loader_dist_runtime_api_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_0___default = /*#__PURE__*/__webpack_require__.n(_node_modules_css_loader_dist_runtime_api_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_0__);\n/* harmony import */ var _node_modules_css_loader_dist_runtime_getUrl_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_1__ = __webpack_require__(/*! ../node_modules/css-loader/dist/runtime/getUrl.js */ \"./node_modules/css-loader/dist/runtime/getUrl.js\");\n/* harmony import */ var _node_modules_css_loader_dist_runtime_getUrl_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_1___default = /*#__PURE__*/__webpack_require__.n(_node_modules_css_loader_dist_runtime_getUrl_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_1__);\n// Imports\n\n\nvar ___CSS_LOADER_URL_IMPORT_0___ = new URL(/* asset import */ __webpack_require__(/*! bg.png */ \"./src/bg.png\"), __webpack_require__.b);\nvar ___CSS_LOADER_EXPORT___ = _node_modules_css_loader_dist_runtime_api_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_0___default()(function(i){return i[1]});\nvar ___CSS_LOADER_URL_REPLACEMENT_0___ = _node_modules_css_loader_dist_runtime_getUrl_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_1___default()(___CSS_LOADER_URL_IMPORT_0___);\n// Module\n___CSS_LOADER_EXPORT___.push([module.id, \"body {\\n background-image: url(\" + ___CSS_LOADER_URL_REPLACEMENT_0___ + \");\\n}\", \"\"]);\n// Exports\n/* harmony default export */ const __WEBPACK_DEFAULT_EXPORT__ = (___CSS_LOADER_EXPORT___);\n\n\n//# sourceURL=webpack://npm-sample/./src/app.css?./node_modules/css-loader/dist/cjs.js");
/***/ }),
/***/ "./node_modules/css-loader/dist/runtime/api.js":
/*!*****************************************************!*\
!*** ./node_modules/css-loader/dist/runtime/api.js ***!
\*****************************************************/
/***/ ((module) => {
eval("\n\n/*\n MIT License http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php\n Author Tobias Koppers @sokra\n*/\n// css base code, injected by the css-loader\n// eslint-disable-next-line func-names\nmodule.exports = function (cssWithMappingToString) {\n var list = []; // return the list of modules as css string\n\n list.toString = function toString() {\n return this.map(function (item) {\n var content = cssWithMappingToString(item);\n\n if (item[2]) {\n return \"@media \".concat(item[2], \" {\").concat(content, \"}\");\n }\n\n return content;\n }).join(\"\");\n }; // import a list of modules into the list\n // eslint-disable-next-line func-names\n\n\n list.i = function (modules, mediaQuery, dedupe) {\n if (typeof modules === \"string\") {\n // eslint-disable-next-line no-param-reassign\n modules = [[null, modules, \"\"]];\n }\n\n var alreadyImportedModules = {};\n\n if (dedupe) {\n for (var i = 0; i < this.length; i++) {\n // eslint-disable-next-line prefer-destructuring\n var id = this[i][0];\n\n if (id != null) {\n alreadyImportedModules[id] = true;\n }\n }\n }\n\n for (var _i = 0; _i < modules.length; _i++) {\n var item = [].concat(modules[_i]);\n\n if (dedupe && alreadyImportedModules[item[0]]) {\n // eslint-disable-next-line no-continue\n continue;\n }\n\n if (mediaQuery) {\n if (!item[2]) {\n item[2] = mediaQuery;\n } else {\n item[2] = \"\".concat(mediaQuery, \" and \").concat(item[2]);\n }\n }\n\n list.push(item);\n }\n };\n\n return list;\n};\n\n//# sourceURL=webpack://npm-sample/./node_modules/css-loader/dist/runtime/api.js?");
/***/ }),
/***/ "./node_modules/css-loader/dist/runtime/getUrl.js":
/*!********************************************************!*\
!*** ./node_modules/css-loader/dist/runtime/getUrl.js ***!
\********************************************************/
/***/ ((module) => {
eval("\n\nmodule.exports = function (url, options) {\n if (!options) {\n // eslint-disable-next-line no-param-reassign\n options = {};\n }\n\n if (!url) {\n return url;\n } // eslint-disable-next-line no-underscore-dangle, no-param-reassign\n\n\n url = String(url.__esModule ? url.default : url); // If url is already wrapped in quotes, remove them\n\n if (/^['\"].*['\"]$/.test(url)) {\n // eslint-disable-next-line no-param-reassign\n url = url.slice(1, -1);\n }\n\n if (options.hash) {\n // eslint-disable-next-line no-param-reassign\n url += options.hash;\n } // Should url be wrapped?\n // See https://drafts.csswg.org/css-values-3/#urls\n\n\n if (/[\"'() \\t\\n]|(%20)/.test(url) || options.needQuotes) {\n return \"\\\"\".concat(url.replace(/\"/g, '\\\\\"').replace(/\\n/g, \"\\\\n\"), \"\\\"\");\n }\n\n return url;\n};\n\n//# sourceURL=webpack://npm-sample/./node_modules/css-loader/dist/runtime/getUrl.js?");
/***/ }),
/***/ "./src/bg.png":
/*!********************!*\
!*** ./src/bg.png ***!
\********************/
/***/ ((module, __unused_webpack_exports, __webpack_require__) => {
eval("module.exports = __webpack_require__.p + \"3d9f2814733b516c33db.png\";\n\n//# sourceURL=webpack://npm-sample/./src/bg.png?");
/***/ }),
/***/ "./src/app.css":
/*!*********************!*\
!*** ./src/app.css ***!
\*********************/
/***/ ((__unused_webpack_module, __webpack_exports__, __webpack_require__) => {
eval("__webpack_require__.r(__webpack_exports__);\n/* harmony export */ __webpack_require__.d(__webpack_exports__, {\n/* harmony export */ \"default\": () => (__WEBPACK_DEFAULT_EXPORT__)\n/* harmony export */ });\n/* harmony import */ var _node_modules_style_loader_dist_runtime_injectStylesIntoStyleTag_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_0__ = __webpack_require__(/*! !../node_modules/style-loader/dist/runtime/injectStylesIntoStyleTag.js */ \"./node_modules/style-loader/dist/runtime/injectStylesIntoStyleTag.js\");\n/* harmony import */ var _node_modules_style_loader_dist_runtime_injectStylesIntoStyleTag_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_0___default = /*#__PURE__*/__webpack_require__.n(_node_modules_style_loader_dist_runtime_injectStylesIntoStyleTag_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_0__);\n/* harmony import */ var _node_modules_style_loader_dist_runtime_styleDomAPI_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_1__ = __webpack_require__(/*! !../node_modules/style-loader/dist/runtime/styleDomAPI.js */ \"./node_modules/style-loader/dist/runtime/styleDomAPI.js\");\n/* harmony import */ var _node_modules_style_loader_dist_runtime_styleDomAPI_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_1___default = /*#__PURE__*/__webpack_require__.n(_node_modules_style_loader_dist_runtime_styleDomAPI_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_1__);\n/* harmony import */ var _node_modules_style_loader_dist_runtime_insertBySelector_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_2__ = __webpack_require__(/*! !../node_modules/style-loader/dist/runtime/insertBySelector.js */ \"./node_modules/style-loader/dist/runtime/insertBySelector.js\");\n/* harmony import */ var _node_modules_style_loader_dist_runtime_insertBySelector_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_2___default = /*#__PURE__*/__webpack_require__.n(_node_modules_style_loader_dist_runtime_insertBySelector_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_2__);\n/* harmony import */ var _node_modules_style_loader_dist_runtime_setAttributesWithoutAttributes_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_3__ = __webpack_require__(/*! !../node_modules/style-loader/dist/runtime/setAttributesWithoutAttributes.js */ \"./node_modules/style-loader/dist/runtime/setAttributesWithoutAttributes.js\");\n/* harmony import */ var _node_modules_style_loader_dist_runtime_setAttributesWithoutAttributes_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_3___default = /*#__PURE__*/__webpack_require__.n(_node_modules_style_loader_dist_runtime_setAttributesWithoutAttributes_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_3__);\n/* harmony import */ var _node_modules_style_loader_dist_runtime_insertStyleElement_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_4__ = __webpack_require__(/*! !../node_modules/style-loader/dist/runtime/insertStyleElement.js */ \"./node_modules/style-loader/dist/runtime/insertStyleElement.js\");\n/* harmony import */ var _node_modules_style_loader_dist_runtime_insertStyleElement_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_4___default = /*#__PURE__*/__webpack_require__.n(_node_modules_style_loader_dist_runtime_insertStyleElement_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_4__);\n/* harmony import */ var _node_modules_style_loader_dist_runtime_styleTagTransform_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_5__ = __webpack_require__(/*! !../node_modules/style-loader/dist/runtime/styleTagTransform.js */ \"./node_modules/style-loader/dist/runtime/styleTagTransform.js\");\n/* harmony import */ var _node_modules_style_loader_dist_runtime_styleTagTransform_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_5___default = /*#__PURE__*/__webpack_require__.n(_node_modules_style_loader_dist_runtime_styleTagTransform_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_5__);\n/* harmony import */ var _node_modules_css_loader_dist_cjs_js_app_css__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_6__ = __webpack_require__(/*! !!../node_modules/css-loader/dist/cjs.js!./app.css */ \"./node_modules/css-loader/dist/cjs.js!./src/app.css\");\n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\nvar options = {};\n\noptions.styleTagTransform = (_node_modules_style_loader_dist_runtime_styleTagTransform_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_5___default());\noptions.setAttributes = (_node_modules_style_loader_dist_runtime_setAttributesWithoutAttributes_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_3___default());\n\n options.insert = _node_modules_style_loader_dist_runtime_insertBySelector_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_2___default().bind(null, \"head\");\n \noptions.domAPI = (_node_modules_style_loader_dist_runtime_styleDomAPI_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_1___default());\noptions.insertStyleElement = (_node_modules_style_loader_dist_runtime_insertStyleElement_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_4___default());\n\nvar update = _node_modules_style_loader_dist_runtime_injectStylesIntoStyleTag_js__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_0___default()(_node_modules_css_loader_dist_cjs_js_app_css__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_6__.default, options);\n\n\n\n\n /* harmony default export */ const __WEBPACK_DEFAULT_EXPORT__ = (_node_modules_css_loader_dist_cjs_js_app_css__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_6__.default && _node_modules_css_loader_dist_cjs_js_app_css__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_6__.default.locals ? _node_modules_css_loader_dist_cjs_js_app_css__WEBPACK_IMPORTED_MODULE_6__.default.locals : undefined);\n\n\n//# sourceURL=webpack://npm-sample/./src/app.css?");
/***/ }),
/***/ "./node_modules/style-loader/dist/runtime/injectStylesIntoStyleTag.js":
/*!****************************************************************************!*\
!*** ./node_modules/style-loader/dist/runtime/injectStylesIntoStyleTag.js ***!
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/***/ ((module) => {
eval("\n\nvar stylesInDom = [];\n\nfunction getIndexByIdentifier(identifier) {\n var result = -1;\n\n for (var i = 0; i < stylesInDom.length; i++) {\n if (stylesInDom[i].identifier === identifier) {\n result = i;\n break;\n }\n }\n\n return result;\n}\n\nfunction modulesToDom(list, options) {\n var idCountMap = {};\n var identifiers = [];\n\n for (var i = 0; i < list.length; i++) {\n var item = list[i];\n var id = options.base ? item[0] + options.base : item[0];\n var count = idCountMap[id] || 0;\n var identifier = \"\".concat(id, \" \").concat(count);\n idCountMap[id] = count + 1;\n var index = getIndexByIdentifier(identifier);\n var obj = {\n css: item[1],\n media: item[2],\n sourceMap: item[3]\n };\n\n if (index !== -1) {\n stylesInDom[index].references++;\n stylesInDom[index].updater(obj);\n } else {\n stylesInDom.push({\n identifier: identifier,\n updater: addStyle(obj, options),\n references: 1\n });\n }\n\n identifiers.push(identifier);\n }\n\n return identifiers;\n}\n\nfunction addStyle(obj, options) {\n var api = options.domAPI(options);\n api.update(obj);\n return function updateStyle(newObj) {\n if (newObj) {\n if (newObj.css === obj.css && newObj.media === obj.media && newObj.sourceMap === obj.sourceMap) {\n return;\n }\n\n api.update(obj = newObj);\n } else {\n api.remove();\n }\n };\n}\n\nmodule.exports = function (list, options) {\n options = options || {};\n list = list || [];\n var lastIdentifiers = modulesToDom(list, options);\n return function update(newList) {\n newList = newList || [];\n\n for (var i = 0; i < lastIdentifiers.length; i++) {\n var identifier = lastIdentifiers[i];\n var index = getIndexByIdentifier(identifier);\n stylesInDom[index].references--;\n }\n\n var newLastIdentifiers = modulesToDom(newList, options);\n\n for (var _i = 0; _i < lastIdentifiers.length; _i++) {\n var _identifier = lastIdentifiers[_i];\n\n var _index = getIndexByIdentifier(_identifier);\n\n if (stylesInDom[_index].references === 0) {\n stylesInDom[_index].updater();\n\n stylesInDom.splice(_index, 1);\n }\n }\n\n lastIdentifiers = newLastIdentifiers;\n };\n};\n\n//# sourceURL=webpack://npm-sample/./node_modules/style-loader/dist/runtime/injectStylesIntoStyleTag.js?");
/***/ }),
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/*!********************************************************************!*\
!*** ./node_modules/style-loader/dist/runtime/insertBySelector.js ***!
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/***/ ((module) => {
eval("\n\nvar memo = {};\n/* istanbul ignore next */\n\nfunction getTarget(target) {\n if (typeof memo[target] === \"undefined\") {\n var styleTarget = document.querySelector(target); // Special case to return head of iframe instead of iframe itself\n\n if (window.HTMLIFrameElement && styleTarget instanceof window.HTMLIFrameElement) {\n try {\n // This will throw an exception if access to iframe is blocked\n // due to cross-origin restrictions\n styleTarget = styleTarget.contentDocument.head;\n } catch (e) {\n // istanbul ignore next\n styleTarget = null;\n }\n }\n\n memo[target] = styleTarget;\n }\n\n return memo[target];\n}\n/* istanbul ignore next */\n\n\nfunction insertBySelector(insert, style) {\n var target = getTarget(insert);\n\n if (!target) {\n throw new Error(\"Couldn't find a style target. This probably means that the value for the 'insert' parameter is invalid.\");\n }\n\n target.appendChild(style);\n}\n\nmodule.exports = insertBySelector;\n\n//# sourceURL=webpack://npm-sample/./node_modules/style-loader/dist/runtime/insertBySelector.js?");
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/***/ ((module, __unused_webpack_exports, __webpack_require__) => {
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웹팩nodejsbabeleslint
Câu trả lời 5
7
https://webpack.kr/guides/asset-modules/ 를 보니, file-loader 를 포함한 몇 가지 로더를 Webpack 5 스펙으로 포함시켰다는것 같습니다. file-loader를 또 설치해서 설정해버리면, 중복 처리가 된다는 것 같습니다.
5
4
"dependencies": {
"css-loader": "^3.4.2",
"file-loader": "^5.0.2",
"style-loader": "^1.1.3"
},
"devDependencies": {
"webpack": "^4.41.5",
"webpack-cli": "^3.3.10"
},
강사님이 사용하신 버전 정보입니다. 저도 웹팩 5로 진행하다 같은 현상으로 고생하다 버전 맞추고 하니 잘 되네요.
2
1
웹팩 5부터는 file-loader 대신에 Asset Modules를 사용할 수 있다고 합니다. 파일 로더 대신 rules에 해당 부분 넣고 실행하면 잘 됩니당
module: {
rules: [
{
test: /\.js$/,
use: [path.resolve("./my-webpack-loader.js")],
},
{
test: /\.css$/,
use: ["style-loader", "css-loader"],
},
{ // file-loader 대신
test: /\.(png|svg|jpg|jpeg|gif)$/i,
type: "asset/resource",
},
],
},
혹시 링크한번 부탁드려도 될까요